Equine Repro - Applied Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What layers of the scrotum are incised in a open castration?

A

the scrotal skin through the vaginal tunic

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2
Q

What layers of the scrotum are incised in a closed castration?

A

scroal skin, tunica dartos and external spermatic fascia

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3
Q

Define cryptorchidism

A

failure of descent of one or both testis into the scrotum, remaining in the abdominal cavity or inguinal canal
may be surgically corrected but can resolve spontaneously

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4
Q

Where can “beans” form in the stallion?

A

within the urethral sinus

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5
Q

What is phimosis?

A

congential defect
preputal ring is too tight/narrow, preventing protrusion of the penis
requires surgical resection

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6
Q

What vein is constricted in the penis during copulation in the equine species?

A

obturator vein

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7
Q

How can we identify the cervix of the mare on rectal palpation?

A

it is very firm

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8
Q

What structure of the equine cervix allows for easier catherterization?

A

well defined longitudinal folds

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9
Q

What structure is used to confirm pregnancy of the mare when performing rectal palpation?

A

the uterine artery - becomes enlarged and pulsates

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10
Q

The clitoral sinus of the mare is capable of

A

harboring bacteria and causing infection

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11
Q

What is windsucking in mares?

A

the dorsal commisure is elevated above the pelvic floor
anus is displaced cranially
constrictor vulvae m becomes insufficient in closing the rima vulvae
causes fecal contamination of urogenital tract - inflammation, infection, infertility

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12
Q

How to correct windsucking

A

Caslick’s Procedure
suture upper part of the vulva

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13
Q

How can we determine if a mare is in estrus on cervical examination?

A

estrus = cervix has a wilted rose appearance
diestrus = cervic has a rose bud appearance

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14
Q

What is the conjugate diameter of the equine pelvis?

A

distance from the sacral promontory to the pectin of the pubis

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15
Q

What is the vertical diameter of the equine pelvis?

A

distance between the ventral part of the sacrum/Cd1 and the pectin of the pubis
perpendicular to the pelvic floor

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16
Q

What is the diagonal conjugate diameter of the equine pelvis?

A

distance from the sacral promontory to the caudal end of the pelvic symphysis

17
Q

What is the transverse diameter of the equine pelvis?

A

distance between the ilum, just dorsal to the acetabula
widest part

18
Q

What is the pelvic inclination of the equine pelvis?

A

angle formed at the pelvic brim
cranioventral

19
Q

What can occur to the pelvic diaphragm with age?

A

deterioration
prolapse

20
Q

Which nerve of the pelvis and perineum is most vulunerable during partuition? (horses and cows)

A

obturator nerve

21
Q

What is the relevance of equine pelvimetry?

A

used to select the best mare for breeding