Ruminant and Porcine Dentition, Salivary Glands, Lymph Nodes and Nerves - Comparative Anatomy

Question 1

Dental Formula for Cows

Answer 1

I 0/0
C 0/0
P 3/3
M 3/3
=32

Question 2

What do ruminants have instead of upper incisors?

Answer 2

dental pad

Question 3

What type of incisors do ruminants have?

Answer 3

brachydont

Question 4

Why do ruminants have 4 incisors and no canines?

Answer 4

lower canines are incorporated into the row of incisors - functionally became I4

Question 5

Central incisor (ruminant)

Answer 5

I1

Question 6

First intermediate incisor (ruminant)

Answer 6

I2

Question 7

Corner incisor (ruminant)

Answer 7

I4

Question 7

Second intermediate incisor (rumiant)

Answer 7

I3

Question 8

What tooth type are the upper premolars of ruminants?

Answer 8

hypsodont

Question 9

Describe the cups of ruminant cheek teeth

Answer 9

selenodont = cresent cups

Question 12

Describe the shape of the upper premolars of the ruminant

Answer 12

single column that end in 3 roots each

Question 13

Describe the shape of the upper molars of the ruminant

Answer 13

3 roots and 2 columns each
2 infundibula/cup

Question 14

Describe the shape of lower molars of the ruminant

Answer 14

two roots each - relatively narrow
two semilunar cups

Question 15

How many columns do M1 and M2 have in ruminants?

Answer 15

two columns

Question 16

How many columns does M3 have in ruminants?

Answer 16

three columns

Question 17

Dental formula for pigs

Answer 17

I 3/3
C 1/1
P 4/4
M 3/3
total 22

Question 18

Which domestic species is consdered to have the most complete dentition?

Answer 18

pigs

Question 19

What is unique about the canines of pigs?

Answer 19

boars: grow throughout the entire life
sows: stop growing after 2 years

Question 20

Describe the cheek teeth of pigs

Answer 20

crowns increase in both length and width down the sireies
many irregularities

Question 21

What are the deciduous incisors of pigs called

Answer 21

needle teeth

Question 22

How much saliva do cows produce per day?

Answer 22

100 liters

Question 23

What role does saliva play in ruminant digestion?

Answer 23

contributes to fermentation medium
buffers fatty acids produced during digestion

Question 24

What are the parts of the buccal salivary gland in ruminants?

Answer 24

dorsal, middle and ventral parts

Question 25

What parts of the sublingual salivary gland are present in the ruminant?

Answer 25

polystomatic part - drains besides the frenulum
monostomatic part - drains by the sublingual caruncle

Question 26

Describe the mandibular salivary gland of ruminants

Answer 26

larger than that of dogs and horses

Question 27

Which is the master lymph node in ruminants?

Answer 27

LATERAL retropharyngeal

Question 28

How many medial retropharyngeal lymphnodes are present in ruminants? How many in pigs?

Answer 28

ruminant = single
pigs = several

Question 29

What nerve is the main nerve of the horn?

Answer 29

cornual nerve - branch of the trigeminal

Question 30

Where is the cornueal nerve located in the large ruminant head?

Answer 30

located on the surface of the dorsal rim of the orbit
close to the medial canthus of the eye

Question 31

Where is the cornueal nerve located in the small ruminants?

Answer 31

branch of the zygomatic: located at the caudal border of the base of the zygomatic process of the frontal bone
branch of the infratrochlear: located at the dorsal border of the orbit, over the medial canthus of the eye

Question 32

What additional nerve supplies the head of the small ruminant?

Answer 32

great auricular nerve

Question 33

What additional nerve supplies the large ruminant head?

Answer 33

frontal nerve

Question 34

Where is the frontal nerve located in the large ruminant head?

Answer 34

located over the rim of the orbit