Equine Hindlimb - Applied Anatomy Flashcards
Describe “upward fixation of the patella” in horses
involuntary catching of the patella on the medial ridge of the femoral trochlea
How is upward fixation of the patella treated?
via medial patella desmotomy: surgical cutting of the medial patellar ligament
What are the locations of arthocentesis for the lateral femorotibial joint capsule in the horse?
caudal to lateral patellar ligament or between long digital extensor tendon and lateral collateral ligament
What are the locations of arthocentesis for the medial femorotibial joint capsule in the horse?
between the medial patellar ligament and medial collateral ligament
What are the locations of arthocentesis for the femoropatellar joint capsule in the horse?
caudal to the lateral patellar ligament or between the patellar ligaments on the cranial surface
Describe Bog Spavin
dorsal pouch of the tarsal joint bulges out due to synovial fluid accumulation
Where are injections into the tarsal joints performed?
into the dorsal pouch for both the tarsocural joint and proximal intertarsal joint
Describe curb in the equine species
inflammation of the long plantar ligament - creates a thickening curve/convexity on the plantoarlateral aspect of the tarsometatarsal region
What is capped hock in the equine species?
an aquired bursa in the hock due to trauma
Which muscle of the equine hindlimb is important for rearing?
middle gluteal muscle - blends with longissimus lumborum muscle
What results from damage to the femoral nerve in the equine species?
inability to extend the stifle and bear weight
What is the condition called that causes inflammation of the trochanteric bursa?
trochanteric buritis - whorlbone lameness
What can cause the rupture of the peroneus terious muscle in the horse?
rupture occurs secondary to hyper or overextension of the hock
Clinical signs of a ruptured peroneus tertious
hock doesn’t flex as hindlimb moves forward
distal limb hangs limp
flexion of stifle occurs indenedently of hock
How is a ruptured peroneus tertious diagnosed?
manual extension of the hock and stimulaneous flexion of stifle - abnormal
What can be observed if the peroneous tertious is ruptered in respect to the reciprocal apparatus?
abnormal, jerky flexing of the hock
laxity of the common calcaneal tendon
What can be observed if both the peroneous and superficial digital flexor are ruptured in respect to the reciprocal apparatus?
hock drops to the ground
What can be observed when there is damage to the femoral nerve in the equine hindlimb?
paralysis of the quadriceps
inability to flex the stifle and bear weight
atrophy of quadriceps
absence of patella reflec
loss of sensation to medial leg
What can be observed when there is damage to the obturator nerve in the equine hindlimb?
partial/complete inability to adduct the limb
How can damage to the obturator nerve occur in horses?
can be compressed during pelvic fracture or foaling
What factors influence the severity of the clinical signs associated with obturator nerve damage in the horse?
weight, terrain and extent of the lesion
What can be observed in the case of common peroneal nerve damage in the horse?
pelvic limb lameness
superficial sensation is reduced or absent
hock = overextended
digits = knuckled - flexed
shorter stride
Which nerve of the equine hindlimb can be palpated cranial to the common calcaneal tendon, above the hock?
tibial nerve
What can be observed if there is damage to the tibial nerve in the horse?
pelvic limb lameness
superficial sensation reduced/absent
overextension of the digit
overflexion of the hock
atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle
What is laminitis in horses?
inflammation, separation betyween the sensitive and insensitive laminae of the hoof
What are the clinical signs of laminitis in horses?
foot tenderness
inability to walk
increased digital pulses
increased temperature of hooves
What is the term used to describe traumatic bruising of the equine sole?
corns
What is a consideration when shoeing horses?
the white line of the hoof - point of weakness
direct the nail towards the wall of the hoof
