Equine Head - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards
What bones make up the roof of the cranium in the horse?
occipital bone
temporal bone
parietal bone
frontal bone
(same as dogs and cats)
What is the conchofrontal sinus?
unique to the horse
frontal sinus is extended rostrally linking it to the caudal maxillary sinus
What is unique about the sublingual caruncle in the horse?
no monostomatic part of the sublingual salivary gland - only the mandibular salivary gland opens here
Describe the soft palate of the horse
relatively long - makes contact with the epiglottis
What is the consequence of the horse’s enlongated soft palate?
the horse is an obligate nasal breather
Describe the equine nasal cavity
narrow
due to the roots and crows of maxillary cheeck teeth, pneumatized bones, nasal + ethmoid conchae, thick/highly vascularized mucosa
Describe the apex of the equine nostril
NO lateral support
instead has alar cartilages for dorsal, medial and ventral support
Does the incisive duct of the horse open into the oral cavity?
no
it only opens into the nasal cavity
Describe the nasal diverticulum in the horse
blind dorsal cutaneous pouch
extending rostrocaudally from the dorsal angle of the nostril to the nasoincisive notch
What is the master lymph node of the equine head?
medial retropharyngeal lymph node
Describe the shape of the apex of the equine tongue
spatulate
Where does the dorsolingual cartilage of the equine tongue lay?
medial plane of the tongue
below the epithelium of the tongue
Do the canines develop in both the mare and the stallion?
NO
stallion develop all
mare may have absent or poorly developed canines
What are wolf teeth?
the first premolars
usually do not develop but can persist in the upper arcade and are considered permanent
What muscle of mastication is unique to the horse?
occipitomandibularis muscle
opens the jaw
branch of digastricus muscle
innervated by facial nerve
