Ruminant and Porcine Repro - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards
Describe the features if the ovine birth canal
elongated craniocaudally
iliac shafts are slender
iliac crest is nearly straight
tuber ischiadiacum is pronounced
Describe the features of the bovine birth canal
45* slope of pelvis
ischiatic tuberosity is trifid
pelvic floor is concave
both shafts of ilium are parallel
Describe the pelvic outlet of the bovine
narrow/constricted
ischiatic table slopes caudo-dorsally
Describe the features of the porcine birth canal
sacrosciatic ligament is well formed
birth cancal is almost straight, craniocaudally
large pelvic inlet
Describe the scrotum of the ruminant
vertically elongated and pendulous
located between the thighs
Describe the bovine scrotum
glabrous
Describe the scrotum of small ruminants
hairy
Is the ampulla of the ductus deferens present in ruminants? What about in swine?
present in ruminants
absent in swine
What makes up the ejaculatory duct? Which species is it present in?
ductus deferens + vesicular duct
absent in porcine
Describe the testis of ruminants
vertically elongated, oval
Describe the testis of the porcine
oblique, squamous shaped
cranial and caudal poles are pointed
Where is the epididymis in relation to the testis in rumiants?
lies medial to the testis
Where is the epididymis in relation to the testis in the pig?
lies dorsal to the testis
tail = dorsal
head = ventral
Describe the vesicular gland of the bovine
lobulated, pear-shaped, firm
dorsolateral to the neck of the bladder
Describe the vesicular gland of small ruminants
oval, lobulated
same location as the bovine
Describe the vesicular gland of the pig
extremely large
long, pyramidal and hard
Describe the prostate gland of the bovine
transverse body
large disseminate part - covered by urethral muscles
ring shaped
Describe the prostate gland of small ruminants
only disseminate part present
Describe the prostate gland of the pig
both body and disseminate parts are present
disseminate part is large and covered by urethral muscles
Describe the bulbourethral gland of ruminants
small, pea shaped
by the ischial arch and caudo-dorsal part of the pelvic urethra
flattened and covered by the bulbospongiosus muscle
Describe the bulbourethral gland of the pig
very large
dorso-lateral to the pelvic urethra
long, cylindrical, cigar-shaped
vovered by bulboglandularis muscle
What type of penis do ruminants and pigs have? What does this mean in relation to the types of erections they have?
fibroelastic type
erection does not influence width, but does increase width
In which species is there a sigmoid flexure in the penis? What region is the flexure located in?
rumiants and pig
in the thigh region - caudal to the neck of the scrotum
Describe the glans of the bovine penis
twisted anticlockwise - left
narrow urethral opening
What is the apical ligament of the bovine penis?
fan shaped ligament originating from the tunica albogenia
inserts onto the free end of the penis
Describe the glans of the small ruminant penis
raised, globular, highly cavernous
What is the urethral process of the small ruminant penis?
projection beyonf the glans
Describe the terminal part of the porcine glans penis
twisted anticlockwise
corkscrew shape
Describe the prepuce of ruminants
very long
Describe the prepuce of the pig
internal lamina invaginates forming a dorsal blind pocket = preputial diverticulum
Describe the internal iliac artery of ruminants
very long
Describe the location of the ovaries of ruminants and the pig
located more caudally at the ventrolateral border of the pevlic inlet
Describe the ovaries of ruminants
oval
relatively small
follicles and corpa leutea project abobe the surface of the ovary
Describe the ovaries of the pig
irregularly shaped and nodular
long mesovarium - mixes with intestines
Describe the oviduct of ruminants and the sow
isthmus gradually widens in diameter as it connects to the uterine horn
Describe the uterine horn of ruminants
spirally shaped
coils/curves back on itself
caudal parts run close together before fusing
cranial parts - non fused, form the urterine velum
Which species have a dorsal and ventral intercornual ligament? Which only have one?
cows have both
small ruminants only have one
Describe the uterine horn of the sow
“intestiniform” resemble jejunal loops
free in abdominal cavity - mix with intestines
very long and flexuous
What are uterine caruncles?
arranged in 4 rows of 10-12/horn
area where fetal membranes attach
convex in bovine
concave in small ruminants
when not pregnant - appear are small bumps with smooth surface
What forms placentomes?
fetal membrane attached to caruncle via cotyledons
Describe the uterine body in the ruminant and sow
single, short and small
Describe the braod ligament of the bovine uterus
expansive
uterus lies dorsally
Do ruminants have a round ligament?
no
Describe the cervix of ruminants
lined by plicae circulares (3-4 circular folds)
vaginal fornix
Describe the vaginal fornix of cows
has a dorsal and ventral part
Describe the cervix of the sow
longest
lined by pulvini vervicales - interlock to block the rumen
thins out and merges with the walls of the uterus and vagina
NO FORNIX - NO PORTIO VAGINALIS
Describe the vagina of the cow
very long
3:1 ratio compared to the vestibule
Describe the vestibule of ruminants
major and minor vestibular glands
(minor may be absent in ewe)
only cow has major
What is another name for major vestibular glands?
Bartholins glands
Do goats have vestibular glands?
no
Describe the vestibule of the pig
longer than the cow
only minor vestibular glands
Where can supernumery teats be found in ruminants?
bovine: caudo-ventral surface of the udder
small ruminants: cranial surface of the mamma
Can males develop supernumery teats?
yes
Describe the shape of the mamme in the cow and ewe
hemishpherical
Describe the shape of the mamme in the doe
pendulous
How many mamme do cows have?
4 inguinal
How many mamme do small ruminants have?
2 inguinal
How manu mamme does the sow have?
10-18 thoracoabdominal/thoracoinguinal
What are the median and transverse intermammary grooves?
separate the mamme into forequaters, hindquaters and left and right
transverse is poorly defined but these ducts don’t communicate
What are the rosettes of Furstenburg?
longitudinal folds within the trat canal/papillary duct
Describe the skin of the teat in ruminants
loose, smooth, hairless
What is the papillary sphincter?
smooth muscle + elastic tissue sphincter guarding the opening of the teat
What is the venous ring of Furstenburg?
venous plexus at the base of the teat that separates the gland sinus from the teat sinus within the lactiferous sinus (milk storage)
Describe the mammae of the ewe
2 mammae, one mammary gland ea
one lectiferous sinus
one papillary duct
compact udder, distinct intermammary groove
Describe the mammae of the doe
2 mammae, 6-9 mammary glands ea
open into lactiferous ducts
ea teat has one papillary duct
udder is pendulous and sac like
Describe the mammae of the sow
up to 18 mammae, 2-3 mammary glands ea
2-3 teat orifaces
Which lymph node provides additional drainage for the mammae of the sow?
axillary
Describe the suspensory apparatus of the udders in the cow
best developed in the cow
lateral suspensory lamina
medial suspensory lamina
Describe the lateral suspensory lamina
thick
collagenous
from the deep fascia of the abdominal wall + symphyseal tendon
encloses blood vessels, nerves and parenchyma
Describe the medial suspensory lamina
thicker and stronger than lateral
from yellow elastic tissue
Describe the arterial circle in the udders
anastomosis of the cranial and caudal mammary arteries at the base of the udder
(small contribution from cranial superficial epigastric artery)
Milk vein aka
cranial superficial epigastric vein
subcutaneous abdominal vein
How does the milk vein enter the abdominal wall?
via the milk well - opening in the rectus abdominis muscle
