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Large Animal Anatomy > Ruminant and Porcine Repro - Comparative Anatomy > Flashcards

Ruminant and Porcine Repro - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the features if the ovine birth canal

A

elongated craniocaudally
iliac shafts are slender
iliac crest is nearly straight
tuber ischiadiacum is pronounced

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2
Q

Describe the features of the bovine birth canal

A

45* slope of pelvis
ischiatic tuberosity is trifid
pelvic floor is concave
both shafts of ilium are parallel

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3
Q

Describe the pelvic outlet of the bovine

A

narrow/constricted
ischiatic table slopes caudo-dorsally

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4
Q

Describe the features of the porcine birth canal

A

sacrosciatic ligament is well formed
birth cancal is almost straight, craniocaudally
large pelvic inlet

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5
Q

Describe the scrotum of the ruminant

A

vertically elongated and pendulous
located between the thighs

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6
Q

Describe the bovine scrotum

A

glabrous

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7
Q

Describe the scrotum of small ruminants

A

hairy

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8
Q

Is the ampulla of the ductus deferens present in ruminants? What about in swine?

A

present in ruminants
absent in swine

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9
Q

What makes up the ejaculatory duct? Which species is it present in?

A

ductus deferens + vesicular duct
absent in porcine

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10
Q

Describe the testis of ruminants

A

vertically elongated, oval

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11
Q

Describe the testis of the porcine

A

oblique, squamous shaped
cranial and caudal poles are pointed

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12
Q

Where is the epididymis in relation to the testis in rumiants?

A

lies medial to the testis

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13
Q

Where is the epididymis in relation to the testis in the pig?

A

lies dorsal to the testis
tail = dorsal
head = ventral

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14
Q

Describe the vesicular gland of the bovine

A

lobulated, pear-shaped, firm
dorsolateral to the neck of the bladder

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15
Q

Describe the vesicular gland of small ruminants

A

oval, lobulated
same location as the bovine

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16
Q

Describe the vesicular gland of the pig

A

extremely large
long, pyramidal and hard

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17
Q

Describe the prostate gland of the bovine

A

transverse body
large disseminate part - covered by urethral muscles
ring shaped

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18
Q

Describe the prostate gland of small ruminants

A

only disseminate part present

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19
Q

Describe the prostate gland of the pig

A

both body and disseminate parts are present
disseminate part is large and covered by urethral muscles

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20
Q

Describe the bulbourethral gland of ruminants

A

small, pea shaped
by the ischial arch and caudo-dorsal part of the pelvic urethra
flattened and covered by the bulbospongiosus muscle

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21
Q

Describe the bulbourethral gland of the pig

A

very large
dorso-lateral to the pelvic urethra
long, cylindrical, cigar-shaped
vovered by bulboglandularis muscle

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22
Q

What type of penis do ruminants and pigs have? What does this mean in relation to the types of erections they have?

A

fibroelastic type
erection does not influence width, but does increase width

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23
Q

In which species is there a sigmoid flexure in the penis? What region is the flexure located in?

A

rumiants and pig
in the thigh region - caudal to the neck of the scrotum

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24
Q

Describe the glans of the bovine penis

A

twisted anticlockwise - left
narrow urethral opening

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25
Q

What is the apical ligament of the bovine penis?

A

fan shaped ligament originating from the tunica albogenia
inserts onto the free end of the penis

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26
Q

Describe the glans of the small ruminant penis

A

raised, globular, highly cavernous

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27
Q

What is the urethral process of the small ruminant penis?

A

projection beyonf the glans

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28
Q

Describe the terminal part of the porcine glans penis

A

twisted anticlockwise
corkscrew shape

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29
Q

Describe the prepuce of ruminants

A

very long

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30
Q

Describe the prepuce of the pig

A

internal lamina invaginates forming a dorsal blind pocket = preputial diverticulum

31
Q

Describe the internal iliac artery of ruminants

A

very long

32
Q

Describe the location of the ovaries of ruminants and the pig

A

located more caudally at the ventrolateral border of the pevlic inlet

33
Q

Describe the ovaries of ruminants

A

oval
relatively small
follicles and corpa leutea project abobe the surface of the ovary

34
Q

Describe the ovaries of the pig

A

irregularly shaped and nodular
long mesovarium - mixes with intestines

35
Q

Describe the oviduct of ruminants and the sow

A

isthmus gradually widens in diameter as it connects to the uterine horn

36
Q

Describe the uterine horn of ruminants

A

spirally shaped
coils/curves back on itself
caudal parts run close together before fusing
cranial parts - non fused, form the urterine velum

37
Q

Which species have a dorsal and ventral intercornual ligament? Which only have one?

A

cows have both
small ruminants only have one

38
Q

Describe the uterine horn of the sow

A

“intestiniform” resemble jejunal loops
free in abdominal cavity - mix with intestines
very long and flexuous

39
Q

What are uterine caruncles?

A

arranged in 4 rows of 10-12/horn
area where fetal membranes attach
convex in bovine
concave in small ruminants

when not pregnant - appear are small bumps with smooth surface

40
Q

What forms placentomes?

A

fetal membrane attached to caruncle via cotyledons

41
Q

Describe the uterine body in the ruminant and sow

A

single, short and small

42
Q

Describe the braod ligament of the bovine uterus

A

expansive
uterus lies dorsally

43
Q

Do ruminants have a round ligament?

A

no

44
Q

Describe the cervix of ruminants

A

lined by plicae circulares (3-4 circular folds)
vaginal fornix

45
Q

Describe the vaginal fornix of cows

A

has a dorsal and ventral part

46
Q

Describe the cervix of the sow

A

longest
lined by pulvini vervicales - interlock to block the rumen
thins out and merges with the walls of the uterus and vagina
NO FORNIX - NO PORTIO VAGINALIS

47
Q

Describe the vagina of the cow

A

very long
3:1 ratio compared to the vestibule

48
Q

Describe the vestibule of ruminants

A

major and minor vestibular glands
(minor may be absent in ewe)
only cow has major

49
Q

What is another name for major vestibular glands?

A

Bartholins glands

50
Q

Do goats have vestibular glands?

A

no

51
Q

Describe the vestibule of the pig

A

longer than the cow
only minor vestibular glands

52
Q

Where can supernumery teats be found in ruminants?

A

bovine: caudo-ventral surface of the udder
small ruminants: cranial surface of the mamma

53
Q

Can males develop supernumery teats?

A

yes

54
Q

Describe the shape of the mamme in the cow and ewe

A

hemishpherical

55
Q

Describe the shape of the mamme in the doe

A

pendulous

56
Q

How many mamme do cows have?

A

4 inguinal

57
Q

How many mamme do small ruminants have?

A

2 inguinal

58
Q

How manu mamme does the sow have?

A

10-18 thoracoabdominal/thoracoinguinal

59
Q

What are the median and transverse intermammary grooves?

A

separate the mamme into forequaters, hindquaters and left and right
transverse is poorly defined but these ducts don’t communicate

60
Q

What are the rosettes of Furstenburg?

A

longitudinal folds within the trat canal/papillary duct

61
Q

Describe the skin of the teat in ruminants

A

loose, smooth, hairless

62
Q

What is the papillary sphincter?

A

smooth muscle + elastic tissue sphincter guarding the opening of the teat

63
Q

What is the venous ring of Furstenburg?

A

venous plexus at the base of the teat that separates the gland sinus from the teat sinus within the lactiferous sinus (milk storage)

64
Q

Describe the mammae of the ewe

A

2 mammae, one mammary gland ea
one lectiferous sinus
one papillary duct
compact udder, distinct intermammary groove

65
Q

Describe the mammae of the doe

A

2 mammae, 6-9 mammary glands ea
open into lactiferous ducts
ea teat has one papillary duct
udder is pendulous and sac like

66
Q

Describe the mammae of the sow

A

up to 18 mammae, 2-3 mammary glands ea
2-3 teat orifaces

67
Q

Which lymph node provides additional drainage for the mammae of the sow?

A

axillary

68
Q

Describe the suspensory apparatus of the udders in the cow

A

best developed in the cow
lateral suspensory lamina
medial suspensory lamina

69
Q

Describe the lateral suspensory lamina

A

thick
collagenous
from the deep fascia of the abdominal wall + symphyseal tendon
encloses blood vessels, nerves and parenchyma

70
Q

Describe the medial suspensory lamina

A

thicker and stronger than lateral
from yellow elastic tissue

71
Q

Describe the arterial circle in the udders

A

anastomosis of the cranial and caudal mammary arteries at the base of the udder
(small contribution from cranial superficial epigastric artery)

72
Q

Milk vein aka

A

cranial superficial epigastric vein
subcutaneous abdominal vein

73
Q

How does the milk vein enter the abdominal wall?

A

via the milk well - opening in the rectus abdominis muscle

Large Animal Anatomy (30 decks)

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