RPH REVIWER EME D NAMANLALABAS SA EXAM Flashcards
The word “literature” comes from the Latin word “_____,” which means “___________”
literatura
writing formed with
letters
a term used to describe written or spoken material
Literature
A battle of wits among participants. It is traditionally used during funeral wake
RIDDLES/ BUGTONG
Wise saying that contain a metaphor used to teach as a food for thought
PROVERBS/SALAWIKAIN
One stanza poem consisted usually of four lines with 7 syllables, all lines rhyming. It is also equivalent of Japanese Haiku
TANAGA
One of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the Pre-Spanish period. Each
region had its national songs from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao. It manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos.
FOLK SONGS
A sacred narrative explaining how the world and man came to be in their present World.
Myths
Explain the origin of things.
LEGENDS/ ALAMAT
A short stories which contain moral applicable to humanity. Human qualities are ascribed to
animals or plants, designated usually to show cleverness of one or stupidity of another.
FABLES/PABULA
Deal with the underworld characters such as tiyanak, aswang, kapre and so on
FANTASY STORIES
Those are narrative of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around supernatural
events or heroic deeds.
EPICS
Made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor where one can drive lessons
about lif
FOLK TALES
Spanish colonization of the Philippines started
(1565 - 1898)
the first spanish governor-general in the Philippines
Miguel Lopez de
Legaspi
(Known as unicode as the Tagalog Script) is a Pre-Spanish Philippine writing system. It is a
member of Brahmic family and is recorded as being used in the 16th century. It continued to be
used during Spanish colonization of the Philippine up until late 19th century.
ALIBATA/BAYBAYIN
Religious lyrics written by Ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were
included in early catechism.
RELIGIOUS LITERATURE
- a long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ.
Pasyon
- dramatization of the Pasyon. This is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to
the stanza
Cenaculo
- colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting. It is also a fabricated stories from
writers’ imagination although the settings and characters are European
Awit
metrical tale written in octosyllablic quatrains. It is usually legends or stories from European countries like France, Spain, Italy and Greece.
Corrido
written to prescribe proper decorum
Prose Narrative
- a composition for voice and voices performed by singing.
Songs
- setting forth events recorded in the Bible or moral lessons to be drawn from
religious teaching.
Religious Drama -
enacted in front of live audiences. It is also known as play
Drama
- a brief work of literature.
Short Stories
- an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound and rhythmic language.
Poetry
also known as Huseng Sisiw, was the foremost exponent of komedya due to his prolific writing,
elevated style, and significant cultural impact.
Jose Dela Cruz (
He was popularly called Balagtas. He was acknowledged as Master of Traditional Poetry.
francisco Balagtas
written works designed to influence public opinion or promote a particular cause or viewpoint
PROPAGANDA LITERATURE
satire, editorials and news articles were written to attack and expose the evils of Spanish rule.
POLITICAL ESSAY
more propagandistic than literary as it is more violent in nature and demanded complete
independence for the country.
REVOLUTIONARY ESSAY
This movement was spearheaded mostly by intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo
del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban and
Pedro Paterno.
The Propaganda Movement
a series of moving images captured and displayed on a screen, telling a story, conveying emotions or presenting information.
Motion picture
Motion picture
- Movies
- Film
- Cinema
- Flick
- Video
Purpose of Motion picture
- Entertainment
- Education
- Information
- Artistic Expression
- Social Commentary
Fathers of Philippine Cinema
Faustino Lichauco
Aurelio Tolentino
Jose Nepomuceno
Vicente Salumbides
invented Kinetograph and the
Kinetoscope. on 1891
Thomas Edison and William Kennedy Dickson
The label for the projectors of Lumiere was named “.”
* People shortened in to cine , “ i’m going to the Cine”
Cinimatograph
he bought his old film equipment but approached filming with a photographer’s eye. He sold his office in Sta. Cruz (
JOSE NEPOMUCENO
- Stunt Man
- WW1 Veteran
- Law
- Actor, producer, director.
VICENTE SALUMBIDES
Vicente Salumbides Directed Films
● Ibong adarna
● Florante at laura
● Aladdin
Dalagang Pilipina” (1919) directed by Jose Nepomuceno.
First Filipino film: “
Establishment for films studios;
LVN pictures
Sampaguita pictures
Premiere production
Classic films;
Giliw ko
Anak dalita
Notable directiors;
Jose Nepomuceno
Manuel conde
Gerardo de leon
Notable Filipino Filmmakers
Lino Brocka
Ishmael Bernal
Gerardo de Leon
Manuel Conde
Lav Diaz
Brillante Mendoza
Jose Nepomuceno
Erik Matti
Joyce Bernal
Most influential and significant filmmakers in the history of Philippine cinema
Catalino Ortiz Brocka
Filipino filmmaker, stage and television director, actor and screenwriter. Noted for his
melodramas, particularly with feminist and moral issues.
Ishmael Bernal
He was a Filipino film director and actor. He was posthumously conferred as a National Artist of
the Philippines for Film in 1982.
Gerardo de Leon
He is also known as the “founder of Philippine movies”,
José Nepomuceno y Zialcita (
Spanish and Mexican colonizers left their musical mark on the Philippines, introducing another
rich culture. Christianity and its attendant religious music.
Hispanic musical style
a genre of traditional Filipino love songs, came to the fore as an art song at the end
of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth, when Filipino composers such as
Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo
Kundiman
referred only to Filipino pop songs, especially those in the ballad form, such as songs popularized in the 1970s through the mid-1990s by major
commercial Filipino pop artists.
Original filipino Music (OPM)
scene has been developed and popularized by the Philippins Madrigal Singers
The Philippine choral music
has been largely dominated by Tagalog and English,
marginalizing other ethnolinguistic groups’ music.
Original Pilipino Music (OPM)
The Visayan music scene has developed the Bisrock subgenre. - Prominent bands include
Phylum and Missing Filemon, enhancing modern Visayan music.
Bisrock movement
Kampapangan contributions
Kapampangans are translating and adapting popular songs, e.g., “Sometimes When We Touch”
into “O Jo, Kaluguran Da Ka.” - Mernuts achieved a milestone with “Oras,” the first Kapampangan music video on MTV Pilipinas.
**Celebrating Kapampangan Heritage **
The album “RocKapampangan: The Birth of Philippine Kapampangan Rock” features modern
remakes of traditional folk songs. - Highlights the ongoing revival and recognition of
Kapampangan music.**
**FILIPINO ROCK MUSIC
**
The evolution of Filipino rock music began in the late 1950s and 1960s, influenced by American
blues, folk, R&B, and rock and roll. Local artists adapted these styles with Tagalog lyrics, giving
rise to Filipino rock. “Killer Joe” by the Rocky Fellers achieved success on American charts,
although its authenticity as Filipino rock is debated.
**FILIPINO FOLK MUSIC
**
Traditional Music in the Philippines, like the traditional music of other countries, reflects the life of common folk, mainly living in rural areas rather than urban ones. Like its counterparts in Asia.
a lot of traditional songs from the Philippines have a strong connection with nature. However, much of it employs the diatonic scale rather than the more famous pentatonic scale.
**A BLENDING OF EAST AND WEST
**
Philippines Traditional Music influenced by all the music that was ever bought there, so it may sometimes “Chinese” “Indian” “or even “European”
the most important form of music found in every ethnic groups In the country although there is some music intended for dance, the best form of preserved traditional musicis
those intended for the voice.
VOCAL MUSIC
VOCAL MUSIC:
enumeration
Melody
- Syllabically Set and Stanzaic Set
- Simple Form - Major and Minor Tonalities
- Duple and Triple Meter
- Simple Harmony
is less frequently used but nevertheless a very important part in the repertoire of Traditional
Philippine Music
THE NATIVE PSALM STYLE
from Indigenous Groups Unlike the earlier two songs, this form of song has more resemblance
with other traditional music from the Orient as it uses the same scale as that of the Chinese
pentatonic scale or closer to home, the Indonesian Slendro scale. This form also employs a
recurring beat, verse lines set in syllables and a wide melodic range
SECULAR SONG
**DANCE MUSIC
**
After Vocal music, Dance musicis the next most important form of Traditional Philippine Music.
As mentioned above, the best form of preserved music are those with lyrics, this is also true for
those music intended to accompany a dance. According to Francisca Reyes-Aquino, known for
her voluminous collection of folk dances, the folks watching the dance sing the songs in the
same way that cheerers chant in a game.
- Dance From Christianised Groups
- Dance From Muslim Groups
- Dance from Indigenous Groups
known as the “Mother of Philippine Folk Dancing”
Francisca Reyes-Aquino
Dance is a symbolic form that can convey emotions, collective memory, and purpose. It’s a fundamental way to express complex messages and
intentions.
Symbolic Expression
Philippine folk dances are considered intangible cultural heritage. They showcase the diversity and uniqueness of the Philippines, and most Filipinos are
still aware of them.
● Cultural Heritage
Dance reflects the history, beliefs, and traditions of Filipinos.
● Cultural Identity
Dance helps pass on cultural practices and stories to the next generation.
Preservation of Traditions
- Dance brings people together during festivals and celebrations, strengthening unity
Community Bonding
-In some traditions, dance is used for rituals to honor gods and seek blessings.
Spiritual Connection
Filipino dances are known for their intricate
movements, colorful costumes, and vibrant music, showcasing the creativity and artistry
of the Filipino people.
Encourages creativity and artistry -
Filipino dances are shared globally, spreading
Filipino culture worldwide.
Cultural Promotion
is a socially engaging, creative, and physically challenging activity. It can also contribute to a healthy lifestyle.
Recreational folk dancing -
From some occasions, our cultural dances plays a vital role in celebrating life’s milestones and creating memorable moments
Celebrates life events
Pre-colonial period (before 1521):
1
2
- Tinikling dance
- Carinosa dance
Spanish colonial period (1521-1898):
1
2
- Waltz dance
- Polca dance
American colonial period (1898-1946): Introduction of modern dances (Foxtrot, Tango)
- Foxtrot dance
- Tango dance
Resurgence of traditional dances
Post-war period (1946-1970s):
Fusion of traditional and modern styles
Contemporary period (1980s- present):
refers to the traditional dances of the igorot people an indigenous group from cordillera mountaisons of the philippines.these dance showcase the rich cultural heritage and traditions of the igorot community
IGOROT DANCES
traditional dances of the t’boli people an indigenous group from south cotabato,philippinea these dances showcase the t’boli rich cultural heritage and connection to
nature
T’BOLI DANCES
COMMON ELEMENTS OF ETHNIC DANCES
3;
*instruments and music
*Costumes
*themes and movements
**Modern dance in the Philippines
**
Modern dance in the Philippines began to take shape in the late 1960s, influenced by both
traditional Filipino dance forms and Western styles. Incorporating various styles such as jazz,
ballet, hip-hop, and contemporary dance. These forms often blend traditional elements with
innovative choreography to create unique performances.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN DANCE
enumeration
Cultural fusion
Emphasis on individual expression
Experimental choreography
Often features irregular movements and improvisation.
**contemporary dance in the philippines
**
Developed during the 20th century, Philippine contemporary dance has evolved from indigenous
rituals to incorporate influences from colonizers and global trends. It includes folk dances
representing various ethnic groups, ballet brought by Americans, and street dances like
breakdancing. contemporary dance combines several dances into one (Ballet, concert, lyrical,
and jazz.
often regarded as the “Mother of Philippine Modern Dance.” She co-founded Ballet Philippines and was instrumental in popularizing contemporary dance in the country
Alice Reyes
celebrated as a pioneer in Philippine dance, particularly for her work with the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company, which she directed. Her research and choreography have significantly contributed to the preservation and promotion of Filipino folk dances. She was awarded National Artist for Dance in 1988 and is known for her creative
direction that has garnered international acclaim .
Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula
Recognized as the “Mother of Filipino Folk Dance,
Francisca Reyes-Aquino
serving as artistic director of Ballet Philippines after Alice Reyes. He has contributed to the development of new works that reflect contemporary themes while maintaining a connection to Filipino culture.
Paul Alexander Morales
a prominent Filipino choreographer and dancer known for her significant contributions to
contemporary dance in the Philippines.
ANGES LOCSIN
Known as “Trailblazer”, the “Mother of Philippine Dance Theater,” and “Dean of Filipino
Performing Arts Critics”. she has produced numerous significant works that blend various dance
forms.
Leonor Orosa-Goquingco
The word of reorientation came into existence during this period. English as a literary vehicle
came with the American occupation in August 13, 1898 and as they say, a choice bestow on us
by history. By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the public schools
The Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910)
During this period, the Philippines is under the rule of American. The public education was
introduced and became accessible to many Filipino children. Mpre schools was established and
English was used as medium of instructions.
The Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910)
During this period, the Philippines is under the rule of American. The public education was
introduced and became accessible to many Filipino children. Mpre schools was established and
English was used as medium of instructions.
The Period of Imitation (1910-1924)
By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently
and competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth
persisted. They went into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama. How My Brother Leon
Brought Home A Wife (1940) - won first in the Commonwealth Literacy Contest by Manuel E.
Arguila.
Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-1941
a novelist, poet, author and grammarian covered three periods of Tagalog
literature, American, Japanese and the contemporary period. He is also called as the Father of
National Language Grammar and “Apo” of the Tagalog Writers.
Lope K. Santos - a
- popularly known as Huseng Batute. He was also called Poet of Love
in his time.
Jose Corazon de Jesus
During the advent of the American period, Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Iligan started the
movement against the moro-moro (a play on the Spanish struggles against the Muslims) and
struggled to show the people the values one can get from the Zarzuela and the simple plays.
TAGALOG DRAMA
has described Filipino writing during Japanese occupation as being pessimistic and bitter
Victoria Abelardo
Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressed but
slowly, the spirit of nationalism started to seep into their consciousness. While some continued
to write, the majority waited for a better climate to publish their works.
NEWSPAPER
The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country,
love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion and the arts.
POETRY
The field of the short story widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories.
FICTION
were composed to gorify the Filipinos and at the same time to figuratively attack the Japanese
ESSAY
PLAY WRITERS
Jose Ma. Hernandez- wrote Panday Pira.
Francisco Soc. Rodrigo- wrote Sa Pula, Sa Puti.
Clodual del Mundo- wrote Bulaga (an expression game Hide and Seek)
Julian Cruz Balmaceda- wrote Sino Ba Kayo?, Dahil Sa Anak and Higante Ng Patay.
Carlos Balosan- published The Laughter of my Father (1944), The Voice of Bataan (1943), Six
Filipino Poets (1942).
Alfredo Litiatco- published With Harp And Sing.
Jose P. Laurel- published Forces That Make A Nation Great.
COMMONWEALTH LITERACY AWARD
Like A Molave- by Rafael Zulueta da costa, a poetry.
How my brother Leon brought home a wife- by Manuel E. Arguilla, a short story.
Literature And Society- by Salvador P. Lopez, an essay.
His Native Soil- by Juan Laya, a novel.
