ROUTES OF OPHTHALMIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION

Question 1

Local acting Ocular drugs:

Answer 1

Topical - solution / ointment / cream

Packs

Iontophoresis

Irrigation

Sustained released device

Question 2

Target ocular structures of Topical ocular drugs:

Answer 2

Cornea

Conjunctiva

Ciliary body

Anterior segment

Question 3

systemic route does not penetrate the anterior segment due to presence of?

Answer 3

BLOOD-AQUEOUS-BARRIER

Question 4

cotton is soaked w/ epinephrine placed at inferior cul-de-sac to prolong its mydriatic effect

Answer 4

Packs

Question 5

eye-cap bearing an electrode, drug used should bear the same charge with electrode

Answer 5

Iontophoresis - IONS

Question 6

non-invasive use of medicine ions and charged macromolecules into anterior and posterior segments of eye

penetrating ocular tissues with poor permeability

Answer 6

Iontophoresis - IONS

Question 7

catheter is inserted at upper eyelids into the cul-de-sac

Answer 7

Irrigation

Question 8

Indications of Irrigation:

Answer 8

NSS for:

KCS

Chemical corneal burns

Pseudomonas corneal ulcer

Question 9

examples of Sustained release devices:

Answer 9

PILO 20

PILO 40

Question 10

drug is injected NEAR the eye (extraocular)

Answer 10

Periocular injections

Question 11

drug is placed beneath bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 11

Subconjunctival Injection

Question 12

drug is placed between sclera & tenon’s capsule

Answer 12

Sub tenon’s Injection

Question 13

drug is placed at exposed sclera

Answer 13

Anterior sub tenon injection

Question 14

drug is placed at sclera BEHIND equator

can reach the retrobulbar space

Answer 14

posterior Sub tenon injection

Question 15

drug is injected beneath the globe:

Answer 15

Retrobulbar injection

Question 16

drug is injected at retrobulbar space only

Answer 16

Anterior Retrobulbar injection

Question 17

Examples of Retrobulbar injection:

Answer 17

Anesthetic only

anesthesia w/ hyaluronidase

anesthesia w/ epinephrine

Question 18

retrobulbar injection that produces sensory anesthesia only

Answer 18

Anesthetic only - Anterior retrobulbar injection

Question 19

anterior retrobulbar injection that produces both anesthesia & akinesia

Answer 19

anesthesia with hyaluronidase

Question 20

increases contact time by vasoconstriction prevent systemic absorption of drugs

Answer 20

anesthesia w/ epinephrine

Question 21

Drug is injected up to apex of muscle cone

Answer 21

Posterior Retrobulbar injection

Question 22

Anesthetic agent only but produces both sensory anesthesia & akinesia

Answer 22

Posterior retrobulbar injection

Question 23

injection within the globe

Answer 23

Intra-ocular injection

Question 24

disadvantages of intraocular injection:

Answer 24

Perforation

Hemorrhage

Question 25

drug injected within aqueous humor

Answer 25

Intracameral injection

Question 26

indications for Intracameral injection:

Answer 26

Endophthalmitis

Question 27

drug injected within vitreous chamber

Answer 27

Intravitreal injection

Question 28

indications for intravitreal injection:

Answer 28

Retinal Detachment

Question 29

Systemic ocular drugs reaching the globe is dependent on:

Answer 29

Lipid solubility Plasma protein binding Molecular weight

Question 30

Only ______ soluble can pass the ocular barriers

Answer 30

Lipid soluble drugs

Question 31

only _____ form is bioavailable for plasma protein binding

Answer 31

unbound form

Question 32

drugs with ________ molecules can pass the ocular barriers

Answer 32

low molecular weight / smaller molecules

Question 33

Ocular alimentary routes indication:

Answer 33

Antibiotics Acetazolamide

Question 34

ocular parenteral routes (IV injections) indications:

Answer 34

Intraocular surgery endophthalmitis (antibiotics) acute Angle closure glaucoma Angiography (ICG or fluorescein)

Question 35

used for acute attack of angle closure glaucoma

Answer 35

Mannitol IV injection