Fundamentals of Pharmacology

Question 1

science which deals with all knowledge about drugs

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

– action of the body in the drugs once it is introduced into the BODY

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

how the body handle the drugs

Answer 3

Pharmacokinetics

Question 4

• “what the body does to the drugs”

Answer 4

Pharmacokinetics

Question 5

movement of drug molecules from the site of administration (routes) to the systemic blood circulation

Answer 5

Absorption / Bioavailability

Question 6

movement of drug molecules to the different parts of the body until some of the drugs reach the site of action

Answer 6

Distribution

Question 7

– transformation/change of drug molecules from bound form (inactive) to free/unbound form active or reverse or leads to formation other forms of drug, active or inactive, called inactive metabolites (usually inactive → no effect)

Answer 7

Metabolism / Biotransformation

Question 8

Organs involved in Drug metabolism

Answer 8

• Liver
• Kidneys
• Lungs
• Adrenal or Suprarenal glands

Question 9

movement of drug molecules out of the body → termination of drug effect (E)

Answer 9

Elimination / Excretion

Question 10

• disappearance of drug molecules from the blood/body → termination of drug effect (E)

Answer 10

Excretion/Elimination

Question 11

Organs involved for drug excretion:

Answer 11

• Kidneys
• Liver
• Glands
• Lungs
• Git

Question 12

side effects of Tetracycline:

Answer 12

Yellow discoloration of Body secretions

Question 13

action of drugs in the body

Answer 13

Pharmacodynamics

Question 14

• “what the drug does to the body

Answer 14

Pharmacodynamics

Question 15

study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs in the body or microorganisms and mechanism of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effects

Answer 15

Pharmacodynamics

Question 16

how the drugs act in the body or foreign bodies (microbes/CA cells

Answer 16

Mechanism of Action

Question 17

desired effects in the body

Answer 17

pharmacologic Effects

Question 18

uses of the drugs for treatment of diagnosis

Answer 18

Indications

Question 19

conditions/factors to withhold the use of drugs → Harmful

Answer 19

Contra-Indications

Question 20

study of drug dosage:

Answer 20

Posology

Question 21

– deals with the studies on the effects of drugs upon the eye and its appendages

Answer 21

Ocular Pharmacology

Question 22

chemical substance, natural, semi-synthetic or synthetically acquired, when introduced into the body→ alter the normal body functions or inhibit or kill foreign bodies (effects)

Answer 22

Drugs / Medications

Question 23

Type of Effects of drugs:

Answer 23

• Pharmacologic or Therapeutic Effects
• Side or Untoward effects
• Adverse or Toxic Effects

Question 24

expected clinical manifestations after taking therapeutic dose

Answer 24

Side effects / Untoward effects

Question 25

unexpected clinical manifestations after taking toxic or overdose of the drugs

Answer 25

Adverse or Toxic Effects

Question 26

study of adverse or toxic effects of the drugs

Answer 26

Toxicology

Question 27

Prescribers of Drugs (Doctors)

Answer 27

1. MD 2. Veterinarian MD 3. DDM (Dentist) 4. OD (DPA's for detection of disease)

Question 28

test to confirm TB:

Answer 28

Chest X-ray Sputum microscopy Protein Purified Derivative (PPD - skin testing)

Question 29

Anti-TB agents (RIPE):

Answer 29

* Rifampicin * Isoniazid * Pyrazinamide * Ethambutol

Question 30

concerned with the identification of crude effect of **natural–occurring drugs**

Answer 30

Pharmacognosy

Question 31

Contraindication of most of Medications:

Answer 31

1. Pregnancy (1st trimester) 2. Lactating mammary glands

Question 32

TB drugs that cause **Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy (Neuritis) :**

Answer 32

**INH** Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Question 33

dosage of Isoniazid:

Answer 33

5mg per bodyweight - 5mg/kg

Question 34

Hepatotoxic TB drugs (drug induced hepatitis):

Answer 34

* Isoniazid **INH** * Pyrazinamide

Question 35

TB medication that cause **reddish** discoloration of urine:

Answer 35

Rifampicin

Question 36

Vitamins that reverse Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy caused by TB meds:

Answer 36

Vitamin B complex b1 - thiamine b6 - pyridoxine b12 - cyanocobalamin

Question 37

2 months TB medications:

Answer 37

R.I.P.E + VIT B COMPLEX

Question 38

4 months TB medications:

Answer 38

R.I.E + VIT B COMPLEX

Question 39

Ingredients of Ophthalmic solution:

Answer 39

* Distilled water * Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) * Thimerosal (disinfectant) * EDTA * Methylcellulose * Boric acid/Na borate