Fundamentals of Pharmacology Flashcards
science which deals with all knowledge about drugs
Pharmacology
– action of the body in the drugs once it is introduced into the BODY
Pharmacokinetics
how the body handle the drugs
Pharmacokinetics
- “what the body does to the drugs”
Pharmacokinetics
movement of drug molecules from the site of administration (routes) to the systemic blood circulation
Absorption / Bioavailability
movement of drug molecules to the different parts of the body until some of the drugs reach the site of action
Distribution
– transformation/change of drug molecules from bound form (inactive) to free/unbound form active or reverse or leads to formation other forms of drug, active or inactive, called inactive metabolites (usually inactive → no effect)
Metabolism / Biotransformation
Organs involved in Drug metabolism
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Lungs
- Adrenal or Suprarenal glands
movement of drug molecules out of the body → termination of drug effect (E)
Elimination / Excretion
- disappearance of drug molecules from the blood/body → termination of drug effect (E)
Excretion/Elimination
Organs involved for drug excretion:
- Kidneys
- Liver
- Glands
- Lungs
- Git
side effects of Tetracycline:
Yellow discoloration of Body secretions
action of drugs in the body
Pharmacodynamics
- “what the drug does to the body
Pharmacodynamics
study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs in the body or microorganisms and mechanism of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effects
Pharmacodynamics
how the drugs act in the body or foreign bodies (microbes/CA cells
Mechanism of Action
desired effects in the body
pharmacologic Effects
uses of the drugs for treatment of diagnosis
Indications
conditions/factors to withhold the use of drugs → Harmful
Contra-Indications
study of drug dosage:
Posology
– deals with the studies on the effects of drugs upon the eye and its appendages
Ocular Pharmacology
chemical substance, natural, semi-synthetic or synthetically acquired, when introduced into the body→ alter the normal body functions or inhibit or kill foreign bodies (effects)
Drugs / Medications
Type of Effects of drugs:
- Pharmacologic or Therapeutic Effects
- Side or Untoward effects
- Adverse or Toxic Effects
expected clinical manifestations after taking therapeutic dose
Side effects / Untoward effects
unexpected clinical manifestations after taking toxic or overdose of the drugs
Adverse or Toxic Effects
study of adverse or toxic effects of the drugs
Toxicology
Prescribers of Drugs (Doctors)
- MD
- Veterinarian MD
- DDM (Dentist)
- OD (DPA’s for detection of disease)
test to confirm TB:
Chest X-ray
Sputum microscopy
Protein Purified Derivative (PPD - skin testing)
Anti-TB agents (RIPE):
- Rifampicin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
concerned with the identification of crude effect of natural–occurring drugs
Pharmacognosy
Contraindication of most of Medications:
- Pregnancy (1st trimester)
- Lactating mammary glands
TB drugs that cause Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy (Neuritis) :
INH Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
dosage of Isoniazid:
5mg per bodyweight - 5mg/kg
Hepatotoxic TB drugs (drug induced hepatitis):
- Isoniazid INH
- Pyrazinamide
TB medication that cause reddish discoloration of urine:
Rifampicin
Vitamins that reverse Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy caused by TB meds:
Vitamin B complex
b1 - thiamine
b6 - pyridoxine
b12 - cyanocobalamin
2 months TB medications:
R.I.P.E
+
VIT B COMPLEX
4 months TB medications:
R.I.E
+
VIT B COMPLEX
Ingredients of Ophthalmic solution:
- Distilled water
- Benzalkonium chloride (BAC)
- Thimerosal (disinfectant)
- EDTA
- Methylcellulose
- Boric acid/Na borate
