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PHARMACOLOGY > Anesthetic Agents > Flashcards

Anesthetic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

loss of pain w/ loss of consciousness

A

Anesthesia

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2
Q

(paralysis of skeletal muscles)

A

Akinesia

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3
Q

main side effects of Anesthesia

A

CNS depression

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4
Q

anesthesia’s that can result to loss of consciousness:

A
  • Systemic-acting Anesthesia
  • General Anesthesia
  • Intrathecal Injection
  • SUBARACHNOID OR SPINAL anesthesia
  • EPIDURAL anesthesia
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5
Q

anesthesia that are strictly sedatives→ hypnosis-sleep

A

GENERAL anesthesia

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6
Q

– uses amide anesthetics (L3-L4)

  • used in abdominal surgery
A

SUBARACHNOID OR SPINAL anesthesia

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7
Q

route of morphine (Narcotic analgesic)

A

EPIDURAL anesthesia

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8
Q

– periocular anesthesia (subconjunctiva, sub Tenon), retrobulbar (anterior, posterior)

A

ocular injections anesthesia

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9
Q

Topical Ocular anesthesia uses what group of anesthesia:

A

ESTER anesthesia (Proparacaine & Benoxinate)

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10
Q

ocular injections uses what group of anesthesia:

A

AMIDE anesthesia (Lidocaine)

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11
Q
  • loss of pain w/o loss of consciousness, intact motor function (no akinesia)
A

Analgesia

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12
Q

most common Narcotic Opioids analgesic:

A

Morphine

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13
Q

4A’s effects of NSAIDs:

A
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-platelets/thrombotic
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14
Q

relieves pain:

A

Analgesic

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15
Q

relieves fever

A

Antipyretic

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16
Q

it is a non-NSAID that has analgesic and antipyretics without anti-inflammatory effect

A

Paracetamol / Acetaminophen

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17
Q

most common used NSAIDs:

A

Aspirin

Mefenamic,

Naproxen,

Ibuprofen

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18
Q

2 Mechanism of Action of Anesthetic Agents:

A

A. Specific receptor theory

B. Membrane expansion theory

19
Q

theory that Blocks nerve conduction by decreasing the permeability of nerve cell membrane to Na+ ions by blocking the openings of the Na+ channels thus interferes with the depolarization process.

A

Specific receptor theory

20
Q

theory in which In uncharged or unionized form, the anesthetic agent is absorbed at the cell membrane and becomes part of cell membrane structure at the Na+ channel which altering the channel configuration.

A

Membrane expansion theory

21
Q

Classifications of Anesthetic Agents based on:

Biochemical structure

A

Ester group

Amide group

22
Q

anesthetic group– topical destroy by esterase (tears)

A

Ester group

23
Q

anesthetic group - injection route

destroyed by the liver

A

Amide group

24
Q

Ester group anesthetics examples:

A
  1. Procaine
  2. Tetracaine
  3. Benoxinate/Oxybuprocaine
  4. Proparacaine
  5. Benzocaine
  6. Cocaine
25
Q

the only natural anesthesia, narcotic analgesic,

1st discovered

26
Q

2nd discovered,

used for short procedure

27
Q

3rd discovered Ester group anesthetic

A

Tetracaine

28
Q

most common Ester group Anesthetic:

A

Proparacaine

29
Q

Amide group anesthetics examples:

A
  1. Lidocaine
  2. Etidocaine
  3. Mepivacaine
  4. Bupivacaine
  5. Prilocaine
30
Q

most common Amide group anesthetic:

31
Q

Routes of administration of anesthetic agents:

A

I. Topical local ester anesthetic agents

II. Injectable local amide anesthetic

32
Q

Indications of ocular Local Anesthetics:

A
  1. Force duction test
  2. ElectroRetinoGraphy (ERG)
  3. Goldman applanation tonometry
  4. Gonioscopy
  5. Corneal epithelial debridement or Corneal scraping
  6. Fundus-contact condensing lens examination
  7. Foreign Body & Suture removal
32
Q

anesthesia used in Forced duction test:

A

cocaine or lidocaine

33
Q

anesthesia used in ElectroRetinoGraphy (ERG):

A

tetracaine

34
Q

anesthesia used in Goldman applanation tonometry:

A

proparacaine or benoxinate

35
Q

anesthesia used in Gonioscopy:

A

proparacaine or benoxinate

36
Q

anesthesia used in corneal epithelial debridement/corneal scraping:

A

cocaine or tetracaine

37
Q

anesthesia used in fundus-contact condensing lens examination

A

proparacaine

38
Q

anesthesia used in foreign body & suture removal

A

proparacaine

39
Q

Ocular side effects of topical anesthetics:

A
  1. Mild stinging & burning sensation - most common
  2. Conjunctival Vasodilation - red eyes
  3. Shortening of TBUT
  4. decrease reflex tearing
  5. decrease blinking - DES
  6. decrease epithelial mitosis & migration (delay corneal healing)
  7. corneal edema - blurred vision
  8. Punctuate epithelial keratitis
  9. Epithelial desquamation
  10. Allergy - at lids & conjunctiva
40
Q

Ocular side effects of topical anesthetics:

A
  1. Mild stinging & burning sensation - most common
  2. Conjunctival Vasodilation - red eyes
  3. Shortening of TBUT
  4. decrease reflex tearing
  5. decrease blinking - DES
  6. decrease epithelial mitosis & migration (delay corneal healing)
  7. corneal edema - blurred vision
  8. Punctuate epithelial keratitis
  9. Epithelial desquamation
  10. Allergy - at lids & conjunctiva
41
Q

Systemic side effects of local injectable anesthetics:

CNS DEPRESSION - early excitatory effects

A
  1. restlessness
  2. anxiety
  3. dizziness or vertigo
  4. tinnitus (ringing at the ear)
  5. miosis
  6. tremors
  7. convulsive seizures - most serious
42
Q

Systemic side effects of local injectable anesthetics:

CNS DEPRESSION - depressive effects

A
  1. drowsiness
  2. sedation
  3. unconsciousness
  4. coma
  5. respiratory failure (apnea)
43
Q

Systemic side effects of local injectable anesthetics:

at Cardiovascular system

A
  1. hypertension
  2. bradycardia then tachycardia
  3. decrease cardiac output
  4. peripheral vasodilation
  5. A-V heart block
  6. circulatory collapse (shock) → cardiac arrest
  7. methemoglobinemia → hypoxia

PHARMACOLOGY (40 decks)

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