Routes of Drug Administration

Question 1

Routes of Drug Administration:

Answer 1

1. Systemic Acting
2. Local Acting
3. Inhalation
4. Transdermal
5. Controlled/time/extended release system
6. Implanted Drug Delivery system

Question 2

route which drugs reaches the blood/general circulation

Answer 2

Systemic Acting routes

Question 3

passes the GI organs & liver for drug metabolism,

OPD

Answer 3

Alimentary Routes

Question 4

kinds of Alimentary Routes:

Answer 4

1. Oral
2. Buccal
3. Sublingual
4. Rectal (suppository)

Question 5

swallowed (deglutition) & subject to first pass effect of liver metabolism Ex. tab, cap, liquid

Answer 5

Oral route

Question 6

drugs are in pouch between gums & cheek (chew/mastication) to permit direct drug absorption bypassing liver metabolism or first pass

Ex. Bonamine, Flintstone

Answer 6

Buccal Route

Question 7

drug placed under the tongue

Ex. ER meds

Answer 7

Sublingual Route

Question 8

drug inserted at anus/rectal or vaginal suppository

Answer 8

Rectal Route

Question 9

Advantages of Alimentary Routes:

Answer 9

1. Safest Route
2. easy and convenient dosage form of drug
3. does not require sterile technique
4. does not require well trained personnel (OPD) → home meds.

Question 10

Disadvantages of Alimentary Routes:

Answer 10

1. bioavailability is variable
2. patient compliance is not ensured
3. irritability at site of absorption (stomach → GI irritation → hyperacidity → PUD
4. extensive liver metabolism

Question 11

bypass the first pass effect of liver metabolism,

med. given injection → med given in hospital setting

Answer 11

Parenteral Routes

Question 12

kinds of Parenteral routes:

Answer 12

1. Intra-dermal ID
2. Subcutaneous SubQ
3. Intra-muscular IM
4. Intra-Venous IV
5. Intra-Arterial IA
6. Intra-Cardiac IC
7. Intra-Peritoneal IP

Question 13

usually used for skin testing of drugs;

Site of injection: volar aspect of forearm

Answer 13

Intra-Dermal

Question 14

Intra-Dermal angle of needle:

Answer 14

10degrees

Question 15

given into the fat layer between the skin and muscle.

Answer 15

Subcutaneous

Question 16

Subcutaneous angle of needle:

Answer 16

45 degrees

Question 17

Sites of injection of Intra-Muscular Route:

Answer 17

Intra-Muscular

a. deltoid area → deltoid muscle (Vax)
b. thigh – lateral part → vastus lateralis muscles
c. gluteal area – upper outer quadrant → gluteal muscles

Question 18

Intramuscular (IM) – angle of needle:

Answer 18

90 degrees

Question 19

direct route bypassed the process of absorption;

Answer 19

Intra-Venous

Intra-Arterial

Intra-Cardiac

Question 20

Intra-Venous angle of needle:

Answer 20

45 degrees

Question 21

Intra-arterial angle of needle:

Answer 21

45 degrees

Question 22

site of injection of Intra-cardiac:

Answer 22

LEFT 5^th ICSMCL

I**nter - _**C**_ostal - _**S**_pace _**M**_id**Clavicular Line

Question 23

Site of Injection of Epinephrine/Adrenalin:

Answer 23

Intra-Cardiac

Question 24

Intra-Cardiac angle of needle:

Answer 24

45 degrees

Question 25

site of Injection of Intra-peritoneal route:

Answer 25

1 inch below the umbilicus

either in sitting or erect position

Question 26

Intra-peritoneal (IP) – angle of needle:

Answer 26

90 degrees

Question 27

_______ are special routes of drug administration:

Answer 27

Intra-Arterial

Intra-Cardiac

Intra-Peritoneal

Question 28

Advantages of parenteral route:

Answer 28

1. Rapid Response - used in ER cases
2. dose can be accurate delivered
3. alternative route if alimentary is not feasible (unconscious, comatose, uncooperative, extensive vomiting)

Question 29

Conditions when using Parenteral route if alimentary is not feasible:

Answer 29

1. unconscious → can not swallow the meds
2. comatose → CVA hgg
3. uncooperative
4. extensive vomiting (emesis)

Question 30

Disadvantages of Parenteral Route:

Answer 30

1. rapid absorption leads to toxic effect → wrong med, overdose meds → Hemodialysis
2. need well trained personnel
3. requires sterile technique
4. irritation at site of injection → infiltration of Vaccine med

Question 31

use for treatment of local conditions w/ little systemic absorption

will NOT produced toxic effect

Answer 31

Local-acting

Question 32

2 routes for Local-acting:

Answer 32

1. Topical
2. Injectables

Question 33

route–apply on skin (lotion, cream, ointment) or mucous membrane (drop/solution or ointment)

Answer 33

Topical

Question 34

Topical Routes:

Answer 34

1. Eyes
2. Nose
3. Throat (spray)
4. Airways (spray/nebulize) → salbutamol
5. Ears
6. Vagina (irrigation or suppository)

Question 35

Injectable Routes (anesthetic):

Answer 35

1. local infiltration → Lidocaine
2. peripheral nerve block → Lidocaine
3. regional/field nerve block (mandibular nerve block) → Lidocaine
4. intrathecal

Question 36

Intrathecal routes:

Answer 36

a. epidural– Ex. Morphine, Fentanyl, Sufentanyl (narcotic analgesic → prohibited med→ Rx med)
b. subarachnoid (spinal anesthesia) – Thiopental

Question 37

route– uses for volatile agents

Answer 37

Inhalation

Question 38

Inhalation routes:

Answer 38

1. systemic-acting – gaseous anesthesia (nitrous oxide – laughing gas)
2. local-acting – salbutamol (inhaler or nebulizer) → tremor, tachycardia

Question 39

apply on skin in the form of patch, bypass first pass effect

Answer 39

Transdermal

Question 40

Transdermal routes:

Answer 40

1. systemic–acting – drug reached the general circulation and produced systemic effects Ex. Nitroglycerin (Transdermal-Nitro patch) for angina pectoris – coronary artery vasodilator Nicotine patch Contraceptive pills patch
2. local acting – Ex. methylsalycylates (Salompas)

Question 41

permits slower and prolonged drug absorption from the site of administration

Answer 41

Controlled/Time/Extended release system

Question 42

drug reservoir is implanted surgically within the body which is slowly released

Answer 42

Implanted Drug Delivery system