Rouke Baby Record - Physical examination - Vision Flashcards
What is the red reflex when checking infants vision
When you hold the ophthalmoscope in dim room 30cm away from infant and see a uniform red/orange reflection
What is the purpose of checking the red reflex
detect serious ocular conditionslike retinoblastoma and congenital cataracts
and retinal detachments or abnormalities
Abnormal: Asymmetry, white reflex (leukocoria), or absence of reflex, warranting urgent referral.
What is another term for the corneal light reflex test
Hirschberg test
What is the corneal light reflex test used to detect
detect strabismus (misalignment of the eyes)
How to do perform the corneal light reflex test
have infant look at light and observe reflection of light on the corneas - light reflex should be symmetrical in both eyes
Abnormal: Asymmetry suggests strabismus (e.g., esotropia or exotropia)
What is the purpose of the cover-uncover test
2
confirm strabismus
evaluate for tropias or phorias
How do you perform the cover-uncover test
cover one eye for 2-3 seconds while child focuses on a target - observe if the uncovered eye stays steady or moves
quickly uncover the other eye and observe if the eye being uncovered moves to refocus on the target or stays steady
What are the two categories of abnormal findings on the cover uncover test
tropia- constant misalignment of the eyes
phoria- latent misalignment of the eyes
What is the difference in tropia and phoria
tropia- constant misalignment when both eyes are open
phoria- latent misalignment when binocular vision is disrupted (when one eye is covered)
What results on a cover uncover test indicate tropia vs phoria
tropia- when uncovered eye moves to fixate on target this indicates tropia in the uncovered eye
phoria- when the covered eye moves to fixate as it is uncovered
For other tropia dn phoria the direct that the affected eye moves can be described by these terms- what does each term mean
exotropia or exophoria
esotropia or esophoria
hypertropia or hyperphoria
hypotropia or hypophoria
exo- eye moves inward
eso- eye moves outward
hyper- eye moves downward
hypo- eye moves upward
if no movement the eyes are properly aligned (orthophoria)
Tropias can require ____
3
management like patching, corrective lenses, surgery
Phorias are not treated unless ___
symptomatic like eye strain or double vision
Early detection of misalignments is crucial to prevent ___
amblyopia (lazy eye)
