2.3 Developmental Assessment - Early Childhood Flashcards
Make cue cards for table 11.1on page 110 for physical development of toddlers
Make cue cards for table 11.2 page 111 for fine and gross motor
Make cue cards for language development of toddlerhood table 11.3 page 113
Make cue cards for table 11.4 page 116 for cognitive development
Make cue cards for table 11.5 screening tools page117
cue cards page 118
table 11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
How is sibiling rivalry which is common in childhood best managed
anticipatory guidance and prevention
prepare parents before the arrival of the new sibling for the possibility of sibling rivalry and guide them in managing this situation.
Do
* Allow children to vent negative feelings.
* Encourage children to develop solutions for problems with siblings.
* Anticipate problem situations.
* Foster individuality in each child.
* Spend time with children individually.
* Compliment children when they are playing together well.
* Tell children about the conflict you had with your siblings when you
were a child.
* Define acceptable and unacceptable behaviors for sibling interactions.
Do Not
* Take sides.
* Serve as a referee.
* Foster rivalry by comparing siblings or their accomplishments.
* Use derogatory names.
* Permit physical or verbal abuse between siblings.
fyi on sibling rivalry
- Encourage parents to do the following:
- Tell the child about the pregnancy or adoption of the new
baby, using a time frame and language appropriate to the
child’s developmental stage. - Investigate the possibility of sibling preparation classes for
older siblings. - Prepare the child for a change in daily routines and change
in the amount of time he or she will have with the parents. - Give children realistic expectations of their interactions
with the baby. - Include an older child in preparations for the new baby and
in the excitement of the event (e.g., have the child visit the
mother and baby in the hospital if possible).
After the infant or child comes home: - Encourage parents to consistently spend “alone time” each day
with the older sibling. - Have parents include the older sibling in the care of the new
baby as appropriate (e.g., the toddler can help by bringing
Mommy a diaper). - Reinforce the older sibling’s efforts to be a “big brother or sis-
ter”; praise the child for helping. - Explain the need for tolerance when a child exhibits regressive
behaviors, knowing the behaviors are not permanent. - Educate parents about teaching children to distinguish between
acceptable and unacceptable behaviors as well as accountability
for negative behaviors.
As children age how should parents intervene in minor squabbles
dont intervene- child-centered articula-
tion of more significant arguments, and intervene if physical or verbal abuse occurs.
Table 11.11 page 123 for review of toilet training readiness
When should the topic of toilet training be introduced by the provider
18 month visit
assess parents’ expectations and plans, and provide ample opportunity for discussion and possible development of realistic toileting outcomes.
It can also be useful to tell parents that age at toilet training is not related to or indicative of intelligence.
FYI Toilet training
- Keep child as clean and dry as possible:
- Change diapers frequently.
- Use training pants or underwear when child stays dry for several
hours during the day; use diaper at night. - Talk to child about toilet training:
- Praise child for asking to have diaper changed.
- Explain connection between being clean and dry and using toilet.
- Emphasize that the goal is to eliminate in the toilet, not to hold to
stay clean and dry. - Provide opportunity for child to use toilet, especially before going out
to play, going on a trip, before naps, and at bedtime; set an example
with adult behavior. - Do not ask child if they need to go, rather set up a time schedule of
every 11⁄2 h for voiding, and state matter-of-factly it is time to go. - Teach child how to use toilet:
- Allow child to observe while parents or older siblings use toilet.
- Demonstrate how to sit on toilet with feet supported and knees
spread with forward pelvic tilt, use toilet paper, flush, and wash
hands. - Provide practice time for child:
- Provide a potty chair or portable toilet seat.
- Allow child to sit on potty chair with clothes or diaper on.
- Encourage child to use potty chair while parent uses regular toilet.
- Have child sit on potty chair without diapers for 5-10 min at a time.
- Practice at times the child usually urinates or defecates.
- Provide a comfortable, safe-feeling environment:
- Seat child facing backward on a regular toilet or provide a footstool
to rest the feet on with knees wide and forward pelvic tilt. - Never flush the toilet when child is sitting on it. Use sticky notes to
stop automatic flush on public toilets. - Stay with child for safety reasons.
- Give consistent, positive feedback:
- Praise child for trying and for success.
- Be understanding of child’s refusal to use toilet.
- Never demand performance.
- Never make child sit on toilet if child resists.
- Ignore or minimize undesired behavior.
- Never scold or punish if a child wets or soils.
- Use star chart or other reward for success or effort; consider having
the reward the child is working toward in the bathroom so that the
job and reward are clearly connected for the child. - Do not praise excessively.
What is the best pre-school curriculum for parents to pick for their child
play based
FYI 5 steps to selecting a child care provider
Step 1
Begin searching for child care as early as possible. Deciding whether to use a
child care center or an individual home is a very personal decision. It can take a
while to find the right fit for your child and family.
Step 2
Familiarize yourself with local child care rules and regulations. Local and state
child care licensing boards can provide lists of accredited child care facilities
and information about the rules and regulations in your area. They also can
provide information about formal child care complaints and violations.
Step 3
Visit potential child care sites. Drop in at different times and pay attention to the
environment and how the staff responds to the children in their care.
* Ask what the adult-to-child ratio is. Older children do not need the same
level of attention as infants, so ratios tend to increase as the child ages.
Make sure you know what the minimum state ratios are for your area.
* Ask how many children are in each class/group. Think about your child’s
personality and needs and try to match the group size to what is best
for your child. Large groups with multiple adults are very different from
smaller groups with fewer adults.
* Ask how child care providers are selected and what training and
education they require. Caregivers with degrees in early child education
(or who have special training) have skills that will foster your child’s
learning. It is important to know what kinds of continuing education
caregivers receive.
* Ask how often children change caregivers and ask about staff turnover.
Children do best with consistent care and with regular caregivers. Just
like they crave routine at home, children desire routines and consistent
caregivers in child care.
* Ask if the child care provider is accredited by a national organization.
Accredited providers demonstrate they meet standards that are usually
higher than state standards. National accreditation can be verified on
the accrediting agency’s website.
Step 4
When you make your decision about which child care provider to use, start
by thinking about your child’s and family’s needs. Take into account all the
information you received during your search.
Step 5
Stay involved with your child’s child care. Talk to your child’s caregivers. Don’t
be afraid to ask questions about your child’s day and how he/she is doing
during the day. Tell your child’s caregiver about how your child is doing at home.
For example, if your child is having trouble napping at home, asking about
how naps are going at the child care can give you important information. Try
to attend special events like field trips or holiday parties. You are your child’s
most important caregiver, and children do best when parents and child care
caregivers work together as a team.
What are 4 developmental red flags for a young child to be referred for help
- stop eating
- set fires
- hurt self, animals or others
- talk about hurting self, animals, others
