3.5 Activity- Exercise Pattern - chapter 19

Question 1

What is the difference in physical activity and exercise

Answer 1

Physical activity - any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure

Exercise - a subcategory of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive

Question 2

How many inutes of phsyical activity should kids have per day

Answer 2

60 mins of moderate to vigerous activity a day

can be divided into smaller chunks during day

moderate activity –> brisk walking, dancing, or household chores

vigorous activities –> running, fast cycling, swimming, or playing high-intensity sports such as soccer.

Physical activity should be of moderate to vigorous levels and include vigorous-intensity physical activity at least 3 days/week.

Question 3

How should a childs weekly activity be divded between aerobic and muscle strengthening?

Answer 3

mostly aerobic but muscle strengthening 3x/wk

Physical activity has demonstrated a positive impact on cognitive function and brain structure and function, and psychological well-being may also be positively influenced by physical activity

activity increases self worth and decreasese MH issues

Question 4

Which institution is a key player in increasing physical activity in kids

Answer 4

schools

Question 5

How does physical activity impact kids with asthma

Answer 5

aerobic activity helps improve exercise capacity and reduce airway inflammation

ASTHMA SHOULD NOT PREVENT CHILD from participating

Question 6

Asthma should not prevent kids from participating in activity- what should the provider do to enable kids to keep active with asthma

Answer 6

have asthma action plan in place and teach use of inhalers prior to exercise

Additional suggestions include to decreasing exercising in the cold or when needed, gradually increasing their fitness level, and performing proper warmup before participation in sports

Question 7

What is the relationship between children with disabilities (mental or physical) and physical activity

2

Answer 7

participate in less activity
higher levels obesity

Many children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities are capable of performing exercise or strenuous activities.

Question 8

What is atlantoaxial or atlanto-occipital instability

Answer 8

conditions involving abnormal movement or instability at the joints of the upper cervical spine, which can lead to neurological symptoms or injury

Question 9

Which disorder has increased risk of having atlantoaxial or atlanto-occipital instability

Answer 9

downs syndrome

Question 10

Which are children with downs more likely to have atlantoaxial or atlanto-occipital instability

Answer 10

low tone and looser ligaments

increased risk of compression of spinal cord causing nerve damage (atlantoaxial instability)

Question 11

How is atlantoaxial or atlanto-occipital instability diagnosed

Answer 11

x ray with neck in neutral position with forward spine flexion

If abnormalities are present on x-ray, the child should be referred to a pediatric neurosurgeon or pediatric orthopedic surgeon for treatment.

Question 12

What are signs of atlantoaxial or atlanto-occipital instability

5

Answer 12

issues with
* walking
* using arms
* neck pain
* head tilt
* bowel/bladder

Symptoms of possible spinal cord compression

or atlantoaxial instability can include neck pain, localized neuro-
logic pain, weakness, numbness, spasticity (unusual “tightness” of

certain muscles) or change in muscle tone, gait difficulties, hyper-
reflexia, change in bowel or bladder function, or other signs or

symptoms of injury to the spinal cord

Question 13

FYI- Activities contraindicated in atlantoaxial or atlanto-occipital instability

Answer 13

• Gymnastics
• Diving
• Butterfly stroke in swimming
• Diving start in swimming
• High jump
• Pentathlon
• Soccer
• Alpine skiing
• Equestrian
• Squat lift
• Judo
• Snowboarding
• Any warm-up exercises placing pressure on the head and neck muscles.

Question 14

What is a main cause of all athletic injuries in children

Answer 14

overuse injuries

Question 15

In which category of sports are overuse injuries most common

Answer 15

when children specialize in one sport

more competitive pressure, pressure to be noticed for scholarships etc

Question 16

If a child is going to specialize in one sport when is the recommended age to do so

Answer 16

after puberty- minimize injury risk

also better cog, physical, social skills to support success

Question 17

take 19.1 page 247

Question 18

Guidance for providers on sports specialization with kids

• The primary focus of sports participation in youth is ____ and ___
• Recommending a total of ___ off over a year (in increments of 1 mo) from the specialized sport supports the youth’s
  ability to recover ___ and ___
• During the specialized sport participation, recommending ___ days off per week decreases the athlete’s risk of injury.

Answer 18

• The primary focus of sports participation in youth is fun and exercise
• Recommending a total of 3 months off over a year (in increments of 1 mo) from the specialized sport supports the youth’s
  ability to recover physically and mentally
• During the specialized sport participation, recommending 1-2 days off per week decreases the athlete’s risk of injury.

Question 19

What types of strength training should not be done until after puberty

3

Answer 19

• power lifting
• body building
• maximal lifts

Question 20

FYI for safe strength training for youth:

• Preadolescents and adolescents should not engage in power lifting,
  body building, and maximal lifts until they reach physical and skeletal
  maturity.
• Integrating aerobic conditioning with resistance training can increase
  health benefits to the athlete.
• Include 10-15 min of warm-up and cool-down with each strength
  training session.
• Progression from no load or resistance to incrementally adding loads
  either through using body weight or other forms of resistance is
  recommended once the initial technique is achieved.
• Gradually increase weights by ≤10%/week.
• Recommend 2-3 sets of high repetitions (8-15) 2-3 times/week and for
  a minimum of 8 weeks in duration.
• The strength training program should focus on all major muscle groups
  including the core.
• Stop lifting if pain occurs. Any sign of illness or injury from the training
  program should be evaluated before returning to the program.
• Recommend young athletes use instructors or personal trainers who are
  certified or have special qualifications in pediatric strength training.
• Learn and use proper techniques when lifting.
• Adjust weight machines according to height.
• Advise athletes and families of the dangers of using performance-
  enhancing drugs.

Question 21

Is strength training recommended for youth

Answer 21

yes when done safely

Question 22

What medical conditons are contraindicated for youth to do strength training

4

Answer 22

• severe or uncontrolled hypertension
• seizure disorders
• history of childhood cancers treated with chemotherapy
• complex congenital heart disease