4.1 General Neuro

Question 1

Are headaches common in children

Answer 1

yes

often multifactorial
most are benign

Question 3

In toddlers and preschoolers a headache with vomiting without nausea is a red flag for ___

Answer 3

brain tumor (increased ICP)

Question 4

In toddlers and preschoolers a headache starting as a thunderclap onset is a red flag for ___

Answer 4

intracranial bleed

thunderclap- sudden and severe

Question 5

In toddlers and preschoolers a headache described as “the worst headache of my life” is a red flag for ___

Answer 5

intracranial bleed

Question 6

In toddlers and preschoolers a headache with high fever and rash is a red flag for ___

Answer 6

meningitis

Question 7

table to review functions of each part of the brain

Question 8

What is the Gower sign on neurological exam in a kid

Answer 8

When asked to rise from a sitting or lying position on the floor, the patient:

• Uses their hands and arms to “walk” up their thighs and push themselves upright.
• This compensatory maneuver occurs because the leg and hip muscles are too weak to perform the movement independently.

Question 9

What does the gowers sign indicate

Answer 9

proximal muscle weakness

Question 10

what condition is gowers sign commonly seen in with kids

Answer 10

muscular dystrophy

Question 11

What are chorea or choreiform movements in kids

Answer 11

large, irregular jerking and writhing movements

Question 12

What are athetoid movements

Answer 12

slow writhing movements

esp seen in hands and feet

Question 13

what is dystonia

Answer 13

uncontrolled change in tone with movement
+
tendency to hyperextend joints

Question 14

What is really important in infants to assess on a neuro exam

Answer 14

posture

Question 15

Persistent hand fisting beyond 3-4 months old could indicate what

Answer 15

upper motor neuron lesions or spasticity

Question 16

What is opisthotonos

Answer 16

• hyperextended posture with the head, neck, and spine arched backward

It can indicate severe conditions like cerebral palsy, meningitis, or kernicterus.

Question 17

What is scissoring in infants

Answer 17

crossing of legs when held upright

often seen in infants with spastic diplegia or cerebral palsy, due to hypertonia in the adductor muscles.

Question 18

A high pitched cry in infants is a red flag for what condition

Answer 18

increased ICP

like hydrocephalus or meningitis…aso can be sign of neurological injury

Question 19

A mewing cry is characteristic of what syndrome

Answer 19

cri du chat syndrome

a chromosomal disorder caused by a deletion on chromosome 5

Question 20

A hoarse cry can indicate which conditon

Answer 20

hypothyroidism

Question 21

In older children a positive babinski indicates what

Answer 21

upper motor neuron disease

postivie babinski is when big toe moves upward and other toes fan out

positive is normal in kids <2 but a problem in older kids

Question 22

What is a positive kernig sign

Answer 22

resistance and head or neck pain when bent over at waist

In an infant, the Kernig sign can be tested by extending the leg at the knee with the infant lying supine.

A positive sign can be as subtle as facial grimacing.

Positive Kernig indicates meningitis

Question 23

What is a positive brudzinski

Answer 23

patient spontaneously flexing the hip and knees after the examiner passively flexes the neck

positive brudzinski is sign of meningitis