5.2 Congenital cataracts and retinoblastoma Flashcards
What is a retinoblastoma
intraocular tumor in the retina
Retinoblastoma is the most ___ tumor in childhood
common
What is the most common clinical finding in a kid with retinoblastoma
strabismus
Other clinical findings in retinoblastoma:
* decreased visual ___
* unilateral or bilateral ___
* abnormal ___ reflex
- decreased visual acuity
- unilateral or bilateral white pupil (leukocoria), described often as an
intermittent “glow, glint, gleam, or glare” by parents, is usually
seen in low-light settings or noted in photographs taken with a
flash - abnormal red light reflex
What is the prognosis for retinoblastoma
95% cure - unilateral tumors have best prognosis
Those who survive retinoblastoma are at increased risk for what
2
caataracts, hemorrhage
What is a cataract
a partial or complete opacity of the lens affecting one
or both eyes
Cataracts are the most common cause of what
an abnormal pupillary reflex
What type of genetic conditions increase risk of cataracts
2
- downs syndrome
- albinism (a genetic condition that causes a partial or complete lack of melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes)
A small or partial congenital or infantile cataract can be monitored
over several years for a progression that could produce _____
amblyopia
some types of cataracts do not progress. Patients should be monitored by an ophthalmologist as amblyopia may develop.
amblyopia- type of poor vision that usually happens in just 1 eye but less commonly in both eyes.
How are cataracts managed
surgical removal of the lens
If the cataract is dense and present at birth, outcomes are better if it is removed within the first few weeks of life or before 2 months of age because amblyopia may occur due to visual deprivation
