2.5 Hearing, Vision, and Dental

Question 1

What is a common cause of early hearing loss?

Answer 1

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

can cause hearing loss at birth or develop in early childhood

ongoing screening during well-child visits is important to ensure issues are detected early

Question 2

Language acquistion is ___ ___ in children making early intervention critical

Answer 2

time sensitive

Question 3

What are the 3 methods for preventing caries

Answer 3

• fluoride in water
• fluoride in supplement
• fluoride applied directly to teeth

Question 4

First teeth typically erupt at what age

Answer 4

6 months

Question 5

What should be done to protect teeth in kids who play contact or impact sports

Answer 5

mouth guards

Question 6

What is amblyopia

Answer 6

reduced vision without ocular disease- occurs when brain doesnt recognize the input from the eye

Question 7

What are two common causes of amblyopia

Answer 7

strabismus
difference in refractive error

strabismus- misalignment of the eye
refractive error- inability of eye to focus the impage- correctable with lens

Question 8

The following are clinically useful normal visual developmental landmarks- when does each occur:

Face follow-
visual following-
visual acuity measurable on chart-

Answer 8

Face follow- birth to 1 month
visual following- 3 months
visual acuity measurable on chart- 42 months (thats correct 42)

Question 9

When considering vision screening recommendations what needs to be taken into account

Answer 9

the childs cog ability

Question 10

How do you decide which vision assessment chart to use

Answer 10

highest one child can recognize

Question 11

At which age can most kids recognize the letters and numbers of the snellen chart

Answer 11

4

Question 12

Are routine comprehensive professional eye exams of healthy children with no risk factors recommended

Answer 12

no- just ones by PCP

Question 13

When should vision be screened in primary care

Answer 13

at well infant/well child visits

Question 14

From newborn-3 months what are the 2 major parts of the vision screening

Answer 14

• complete exam of skin and external eye structures
• inspection of red reflex

Failure of visualization or abnormalities of the reflex are indications for an urgent referral to an ophthalmologist.

High-risk newborns (at risk of retinopathy of prematurity and family histories of hereditary ocular diseases) should be examined by an ophthalmologist.

Question 15

From 6-12 months of age what should be tested for vision in addition to red reflex and examination of external parts of eye

4

Answer 15

• ocular alignment for strbismus
• corneal light reflex
• cover-uncover test
• fixation and following a target

Question 16

For 3-5 years old what should be done for vision screening in addition to red reflex, external eye exam, ocular alignment, corneal light reflex, cover-uncover test, fixation and following a target?

Answer 16

visual acuity using age appropriate chart

Question 17

For 6 years old and older what are the visual screening reccomendations

Answer 17

screen when routine health exams are done and if any concerns

Question 18

Which infants and children should be routinely examined by a trained eye care professional

Answer 18

those with risk factors such as developmental delay

Question 19

Should all newborns be screened for hearing

Answer 19

yes all newborns should be provided hearing screening tests