3.2 Nutrition Chapter 17 part one Flashcards
In regards to the nutrition of children what is the goal of the PCP
2
- assess if child is meeting daily recommended dietary intake for age and weight/height ratio
- prevent problems r/t nutrition
Dietary principles to guide PCPs include:
- Children’s nutritional needs vary as they grow and are influenced by their state of health.
- A wide range of food choices and feeding behaviors are used to meet nutritional needs.
- Daily reference intakes (DRIs) are guidelines only.
- Parents and other caregivers are responsible for providing food choices that are nutritionally adequate and for establishing healthy eating patterns; to do so, they must be well informed.
- Family patterns of nutrition and eating are based on social, economic, cultural, and psychological dynamics.
- The PCP is a source of information regarding nutrition, feeding patterns, and healthy eating.
- The PCP works with a team of specialists including registered dietitians and nutritionists to manage children’s nutrition status when providing care to children with nutritionally related challenges.
What are DRIs
dietary reference intakes - identify parameters of nutrient intake that will meet body needs
are only a guideline
What are empty calories
high calorie food but low in nutrients
will result in excessive weight gain but malnurished
After prolonged fluid loss (vomitting, exercise etc) what does high water intake without electrolyte replacement put someone at risk of
water intoxication
What three things cause sodium losses
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- perspiration
kids don’t need extra salt added to diet
Peak bone density is directly related to the intake of what mineral especially before 20 years old
calcium
However, bone calcification continues for several years more, so to ensure maximum peak bone density, dietary calcium needs remain high until approximately 25 years old.
Make cue cards for charts on 217/218/219/220 focusing on function and signs of deficits/excess
Lab work should be done for what vitamin level in all children who are obese
vitamin D
Vitamin D is fat-soluble and tends to accumulate in adipose tissue. In overweight or obese children, this can result in:
Reduced bioavailability of vitamin D for physiological use. A deficiency even if total body stores are adequate.
In what period of life are healthy eating patterns developed
early childhood
Intervention by providers in the child’s first year of life to teach parents which foods are healthy and encourage them to provide those foods helps establish healthy eating patterns in older
children
How do children learn positive eating behaviours
positive role models
Should parents prohibit sugar
no- moderation and limiting but not prohibiting
FYI- Parents are also responsible for a positive environment related to meals and should strive to provide the following:
* Regular, structured mealtimes when the family sits down to eat together; this may occur only once a day.
* Clear, developmentally appropriate expectations for children’s behavior at mealtimes
* Developmentally appropriate access to and instruction in the use of utensils
* Appropriate supervision during mealtimes
* Developmentally appropriate opportunities to participate in planning, preparing, and serving meals
* Adequate exercise, sleep, and rest to stimulate appetites
For portion sizing:
A general principle to keep in mind
when considering portions is to serve one tablespoon of food per
__________.
year of age
Portion sizing:
For children younger than 5 years old, one serving is approximately ______ to ____ of an adult serving;
For older children, one serving is approximately ____ to ____ of an adult serving.
children younger than 5 –> 1/4 to 1/3
children older than 5 –> 1/4 to 1/2
However, children’s appetites vary, and parents should be alert to cues that the child wants more or less of any particular food.
Children may reject a new food ____ to ____ times before they become accustomed to it
15-20 times
remove without comment and serve again at a different meal
