3.2 Nutrition Chapter 17 part two

Question 1

Is “spit up” - esp after feeding/burping in infants normal

Answer 1

yes- a small regurgitation of undigested formula or breast milk is usually not of concern.

Question 2

What is gastroesophageal reflux in infants?

Answer 2

More severe spitting up occuring with feeding or inbetween

Question 3

What makes gastroesophageal rreflux worse in infants

4

Answer 3

increased intraabdominal pressure (crying, coughing, defecation, movement/position)

Question 4

which infants are more susceptible to gastroesophageal reflux

Answer 4

ones with low esophageal sphincter tone

Question 5

When does gastroesophageal reflux peak in infants

Answer 5

4 months

thickened formulas can help

Question 6

How and when does gastroesophageal reflux resolve in infants

Answer 6

12-24 months, spontaneously

Question 7

What is a common first solid food for infants

Answer 7

infant cereal

also soft fruits, cooked veg, pureed meats

Question 8

When introducing solids into an infants diet how should eat food be introduced to assess for adverse reactions

Answer 8

one food introduced at a time

Question 9

If there is a fam hx of allergies or atopy what should the first introduced foods be

2

Answer 9

iron-fortified rice and oatmeal cereals

Question 10

Is there a proper order to introduce cereals, fruits, and veg in?

Answer 10

no- whatever order is fine

provide variey of tastes and textured
include infant at family meal times

Question 11

How big is an inital serving size for an infant

Answer 11

1 tablespoon

Question 12

When do protein needs increase

Answer 12

as children age into older childhood/teen years

Question 13

what vitamin supplement is recommended for all kids/teens

Answer 13

vit D

only need multivitamin if eating severely limited foods

Question 14

What supplement is needed if a child is eating a vegan diet

Answer 14

vit b12

Question 15

What formula can be used for infants on a vegan diet

Answer 15

soy based

Question 16

teens involved in sports or who are vegetarian tend to have ____ eating habits

Answer 16

healthier

Question 17

What is a vegan/strict vegetarian vs lactovegetarian vs a lacto-ovovegetarian

Answer 17

• vegan/strict vegetarian - eats only plant based foods (no egg/dairy)
• lactovegetarian - eats dairy+plant based foods (no egg)
• lacto-ovovegetarian - eats eggs+dairy + plant based foods

Question 18

Can vegetarian and vegan diets meet all nutritional needs of growing kids and athletes

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

For vegan kids what labs should be done

4

Answer 19

• b12
• zinc
• iron
• vit D

Question 20

What is completmentary eating for vegans

Answer 20

Consuming a variety of plants with different configurations of
protein –> can meet the child’s growth demands.

Examples of foods that provide adequate protein intake include combinations of:
legumes and grains, nuts, or seeds (e.g., peanut butter on wheat bread, beans and rice, lentils and rice, lentils and sunflower seeds, peas and rye or wheat, or tofu and almonds).

Question 21

Why is b12 supplementation needed for vegan kids

Answer 21

B12 is only gotten from animal based foods

Question 22

cue cards for where to get vitamins for vegans page227

Question 23

see takbel 17/7 pg 230 for feeding with cleft lip

Question 24

FYI - RFs for overweight children
* Maternal smoking during pregnancy
* Rapid weight gain in infancy, beginning at birth
* Bottle feeding
* Early introduction of solids
* Intake of high glycemic foods (e.g., sugars, soda, processed bakery
goods) (contributes to disruption of normal balance of hormones and
proteins, leading to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance)
* Limited intake of high-fiber foods (e.g., whole grains, fruits, vegetables)
(contributes to disruption of normal balance of hormones and proteins,
leading to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance)
* Use of food as a reward or a “comfort” during stress
* Sedentary lifestyle (e.g., watching television, screen time with
technology, limited physical exercise)
* Television in the bedroom
* Overweight or obese parents
* Family stressors
* Significant differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity by race
and ethnicity
* Middle or low socioeconomic status

Question 25

What two hormones control satiety and influence weight

Answer 25

insulin
leptin

increased stress, decreased physical activity, and diet lead to resistence of these hormones and obesity

Question 26

What is theprimary goal of weight management for obesity in children

Answer 26

slow rate of gain/maintain weight until child grows

growth will eventually normalize weight

Weight reduction becomes the goal only if the child continues to gain weight rapidlyor already weighs more than expected when fully grown.

Question 27

Should overweight kids be put on a diet

Answer 27

no- gradually modify whole families eating habits instead