Risk factors for CVD Flashcards
What is the term for a characteristic or feature of an individual or population demonstrated statisticall to increase the chance of a future disease?
Risk factor
What is the term for strategies to reduce risk of an initial adverse event
Primary prevention
What is the term for strategies to reduce risk of a new adverse event in a patient with a known disease or condition?
Secondary prevention
What makes primary prevention difficult?
Have to treat entire populations
Which are usually more cost effective: primary or secondary prevention techniques?
Secondary
What does it mean that risk factors for CVD are synergistic?
All risks greater than sum of their parts
True or false: the majority of CHD events will occur in pts with two or more risk factors
False–only one risk factor
True or false: abnormal lipids, smoking, HTN, DM, abdominal obesity, and psychosocial factors, universally increase the risk for CVD
True
Therapeutic intervention in pts with known disease is what level of prevention?
Secondary
Identification and targeting of high risk individuals is what level of prevention?
Primary
True or false: elevated serum cholesterol levels are directly linked to atherosclerosis
True
What is dyslipidemia?
disorder of lipid and lipoprotein absoprtion, and synthesis
What level of total cholesterol is the average risk of morbidity?
240 mg/L
What is the optimal level of LDL? Very high risk?
190 mg/dl = very high
What level of total cholesterol is desireable?
What is the prevalence of dyslipiemia in the US?
50% have >200 mg/dl of total cholesterol
What is the basic principle of dyslipidemia assessment?
higher risk = more than one marker or singl severe marker
How often should lipid levels be assessed after age 20?
q 5 years
What are the risk equivalency factors?
- DM
2. Non-coronary atherosclerotic arterial disease
What does it mean for a risk factor to be a risk equivalency?
It’s like already having heart disease
How many times greater is the risk for CVD if you smoke?
3x
Stopping smoking reduces the risk of CVD by what percent in the first year?
50%
What is the leading preventable cause of death in the US?
Smoking
What percent of people over the age of 60 have HTN?
66%
a 7 mmHg increase in BP increases the risk of CAD what percent?
27%
Adequate intake of what two minerals will decrease the risk of developing HTN?
K
Ca
Which type of DM increases the risk for CVD more?
Type 1
What is the leading cause of death in patients with DM?
Heart disease
