Fats 'n such

Question 1

What is the energy per gram of fats?

Answer 1

9 kcals/g

Question 2

What is the most abundant lipid in the body?

Answer 2

Triglycerides

Question 3

Monounsaturated fats are from what foods?

Answer 3

Olive oil, avocado, canola oil

Question 4

omega 6 FAs are from what foods?

Answer 4

Corn, soy, sunflower

Question 5

omega 3 FAs are from what foods?

Answer 5

Oily ocean fish, flax seed

Question 6

Monounsaturated FAs have what major effect on health?

Answer 6

Lowers LDL

Question 7

omega 6 are important in what?

Answer 7

Inflammatory cytokines

Question 8

omega 3 are important in what?

Answer 8

Lowering TGs

Question 9

What is the enzyme that breaks down lipids in the stomach? Duodenum?

Answer 9

Gastric Lipase

Pancreatic lipase

Question 10

What percent of fat is absorbed?

Answer 10

95-97%

Question 11

Which type of FAs are water soluble, SCT, MCT or LCT? What is the consequence of this?

Answer 11

Medium chain

Do not need bile salts thus can give them to pts without gallbladder

Question 12

SCFAs come from where in our diet?

Answer 12

By bacteria in the gut

Question 13

What is the transporter for FAs in the blood? What are the organs involved in their life cycle?

Answer 13

Chylomicrons

Liver and adipose tissue

Question 14

What is the major health effect of the inability to absorb fat?

Answer 14

Fat soluble vitamin deficiency

Question 15

What is the role of LDL, IDL, and VLDL?

Answer 15

Carry cholesterol to tissues

Question 16

What is the role of HDL?

Answer 16

Returns cholesterol and lipids back to liver

Question 17

What is the cause of defective chylomicron synthesis?

Answer 17

apo B 48 protein

Question 18

What is Chyluria?

Answer 18

Abnormal connection between UT and lymphatic drainage

Question 19

What is chylothorax?

Answer 19

Connection b/t pleural space and lymphatic drainage of intestines

Question 20

What is the common pathway for FAs degradation?

Answer 20

Beta-oxidation

Question 21

Acetyl-Coa goes where?

Answer 21

Krebs cycle

Question 22

Propionyl-Coa goes where?

Answer 22

Changes to succinyl coa to Krebs

Question 23

What is the recommended intake of total fat?

Answer 23

20-35g

Question 24

What is the recommended intake of LC saturated FAs?

Answer 24

None

Question 25

What is the recommended intake of omega 6?

Answer 25

12-17g

Question 26

What is the recommended intake of omega 3

Answer 26

1-2 g per day

Question 27

Linoleic acid accounts for what percent of omega 6 FAs in the western diets?

Answer 27

90%

Question 28

Deficiencies in linoleic acids causes what?

Answer 28

Dry scaly skin, rash | Infections

Question 29

Deficiencies in *alpha* linoleic acids causes what?

Answer 29

Neurologic abnormalities

Question 30

Linoleic acids (omega 6) are converted to what?

Answer 30

Arachidonic acids

Question 31

Linolenic acids (omega 3) are converted to what?

Answer 31

EPA and DHA

Question 32

Linoleic acid = ?

Answer 32

omega 6

Question 33

Linolenic acid =?

Answer 33

OMega 3

Question 34

What is the current consumption of omega 3 to 6?

Answer 34

20:1, with 6 being higher

Question 35

True or false: flax seeds give omega 3 FAs

Answer 35

True if ground into oil

Question 36

True or false: labels for trans fat can be 0g if less than 1g per srvg

Answer 36

False--if 0.5g per srvg

Question 37

What are the terms to look for to assess whether there is trans fats in foods?

Answer 37

Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils Vegetable shortening

Question 38

A decrease in LDL particle sizes leads to what?

Answer 38

More atherogenic

Question 39

What are the effects of trans fats?

Answer 39

increase LDL, lower HDL, | Systemic inflammation

Question 40

How do trans fats contribute to systemic inflammation?

Answer 40

Increase IL-6, TNFalpha, and CRP

Question 41

What is the enzyme that degrades EtOH?

Answer 41

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 42

What is the pathway of EtOH metabolism?

Answer 42

EtoH Acetaldehyde Acetic acid CO2

Question 43

How does EtOH lead to lactic acidosis?

Answer 43

No NADPH, causes switch to fat

Question 44

Ethanol oxidation produces what metabolite?

Answer 44

Acetaldehyde

Question 45

How does alcohol affect vitamin levels?

Answer 45

Lowers d/t affecting enzymes or lowering food intake

Question 46

What are the stages of liver damage (3)?

Answer 46

Fatty liver (reversible) Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis

Question 47

How can moderate EtOH intake help us?

Answer 47

Elevate HDLs

Question 48

True or false: FAs are utilized in apoptotic pathways

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What is the effect of fibers on cholesterol absorption?

Answer 49

Decreases absorption since it binds

Question 50

How does alcohol cause fatty liver?

Answer 50

Increases [NADH] at expense of NAD

Question 51

What are the two enzyme that digests cholesterol, and is excreted by the pancreas?

Answer 51

Cholesterol ester hydrolase Phospholipase A

Question 52

What are the symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer 52

Fatty stools

Question 53

Where do chylomicrons go?

Answer 53

Exit enterocytes and enter the lymphatic circulation

Question 54

Are MCFAs water soluble? What does this mean for absorption?

Answer 54

Yes, means no micelles required

Question 55

Why is it that MCFAs are used as a supplement for pts who cannot digest fats properly?

Answer 55

Because MCFAs are water soluble, and thus do no need chylomicrons

Question 56

What are the lipid substances that profoundly affect platelet aggregation, neurotransmitter release, vascular function etc?

Answer 56

Eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes etc)

Question 57

EPA and DHA are critical to the development of what systems?

Answer 57

eyes and brain

Question 58

Arachidonic acid is found where? What is it a precursor for?

Answer 58

Lipid membranes | Prostaglandins

Question 59

Breakdown of Linoleic acid (omega-6 FAs) result in what molecules? What is the effect of them?

Answer 59

Even numbers Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes Inflammation

Question 60

Breakdown of Linolenic acid (omega-3 FAs) result in what molecules? What is the effect of them?

Answer 60

Odd numbered prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and thromboxanes Much less detrimental effect than the even numbered ones

Question 61

What are the only two substances that are appreciably absorbed in the stomach?

Answer 61

ASA and EToH

Question 62

What is the effect of trans fat consumption on insulin resistance?

Answer 62

Increases it