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Fats 'n such Flashcards

1
Q

What is the energy per gram of fats?

A

9 kcals/g

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2
Q

What is the most abundant lipid in the body?

A

Triglycerides

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3
Q

Monounsaturated fats are from what foods?

A

Olive oil, avocado, canola oil

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4
Q

omega 6 FAs are from what foods?

A

Corn, soy, sunflower

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5
Q

omega 3 FAs are from what foods?

A

Oily ocean fish, flax seed

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6
Q

Monounsaturated FAs have what major effect on health?

A

Lowers LDL

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7
Q

omega 6 are important in what?

A

Inflammatory cytokines

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8
Q

omega 3 are important in what?

A

Lowering TGs

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9
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down lipids in the stomach? Duodenum?

A

Gastric Lipase

Pancreatic lipase

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10
Q

What percent of fat is absorbed?

A

95-97%

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11
Q

Which type of FAs are water soluble, SCT, MCT or LCT? What is the consequence of this?

A

Medium chain

Do not need bile salts thus can give them to pts without gallbladder

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12
Q

SCFAs come from where in our diet?

A

By bacteria in the gut

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13
Q

What is the transporter for FAs in the blood? What are the organs involved in their life cycle?

A

Chylomicrons

Liver and adipose tissue

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14
Q

What is the major health effect of the inability to absorb fat?

A

Fat soluble vitamin deficiency

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15
Q

What is the role of LDL, IDL, and VLDL?

A

Carry cholesterol to tissues

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16
Q

What is the role of HDL?

A

Returns cholesterol and lipids back to liver

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17
Q

What is the cause of defective chylomicron synthesis?

A

apo B 48 protein

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18
Q

What is Chyluria?

A

Abnormal connection between UT and lymphatic drainage

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19
Q

What is chylothorax?

A

Connection b/t pleural space and lymphatic drainage of intestines

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20
Q

What is the common pathway for FAs degradation?

A

Beta-oxidation

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21
Q

Acetyl-Coa goes where?

A

Krebs cycle

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22
Q

Propionyl-Coa goes where?

A

Changes to succinyl coa to Krebs

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23
Q

What is the recommended intake of total fat?

A

20-35g

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24
Q

What is the recommended intake of LC saturated FAs?

A

None

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25
Q

What is the recommended intake of omega 6?

26
Q

What is the recommended intake of omega 3

A

1-2 g per day

27
Q

Linoleic acid accounts for what percent of omega 6 FAs in the western diets?

28
Q

Deficiencies in linoleic acids causes what?

A

Dry scaly skin, rash

Infections

29
Q

Deficiencies in alpha linoleic acids causes what?

A

Neurologic abnormalities

30
Q

Linoleic acids (omega 6) are converted to what?

A

Arachidonic acids

31
Q

Linolenic acids (omega 3) are converted to what?

A

EPA and DHA

32
Q

Linoleic acid = ?

33
Q

Linolenic acid =?

34
Q

What is the current consumption of omega 3 to 6?

A

20:1, with 6 being higher

35
Q

True or false: flax seeds give omega 3 FAs

A

True if ground into oil

36
Q

True or false: labels for trans fat can be 0g if less than 1g per srvg

A

False–if 0.5g per srvg

37
Q

What are the terms to look for to assess whether there is trans fats in foods?

A

Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

Vegetable shortening

38
Q

A decrease in LDL particle sizes leads to what?

A

More atherogenic

39
Q

What are the effects of trans fats?

A

increase LDL, lower HDL,

Systemic inflammation

40
Q

How do trans fats contribute to systemic inflammation?

A

Increase IL-6, TNFalpha, and CRP

41
Q

What is the enzyme that degrades EtOH?

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

42
Q

What is the pathway of EtOH metabolism?

A

EtoH
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
CO2

43
Q

How does EtOH lead to lactic acidosis?

A

No NADPH, causes switch to fat

44
Q

Ethanol oxidation produces what metabolite?

A

Acetaldehyde

45
Q

How does alcohol affect vitamin levels?

A

Lowers d/t affecting enzymes or lowering food intake

46
Q

What are the stages of liver damage (3)?

A

Fatty liver (reversible)
Liver fibrosis
Cirrhosis

47
Q

How can moderate EtOH intake help us?

A

Elevate HDLs

48
Q

True or false: FAs are utilized in apoptotic pathways

49
Q

What is the effect of fibers on cholesterol absorption?

A

Decreases absorption since it binds

50
Q

How does alcohol cause fatty liver?

A

Increases [NADH] at expense of NAD

51
Q

What are the two enzyme that digests cholesterol, and is excreted by the pancreas?

A

Cholesterol ester hydrolase

Phospholipase A

52
Q

What are the symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency?

A

Fatty stools

53
Q

Where do chylomicrons go?

A

Exit enterocytes and enter the lymphatic circulation

54
Q

Are MCFAs water soluble? What does this mean for absorption?

A

Yes, means no micelles required

55
Q

Why is it that MCFAs are used as a supplement for pts who cannot digest fats properly?

A

Because MCFAs are water soluble, and thus do no need chylomicrons

56
Q

What are the lipid substances that profoundly affect platelet aggregation, neurotransmitter release, vascular function etc?

A

Eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes etc)

57
Q

EPA and DHA are critical to the development of what systems?

A

eyes and brain

58
Q

Arachidonic acid is found where? What is it a precursor for?

A

Lipid membranes

Prostaglandins

59
Q

Breakdown of Linoleic acid (omega-6 FAs) result in what molecules? What is the effect of them?

A

Even numbers Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes

Inflammation

60
Q

Breakdown of Linolenic acid (omega-3 FAs) result in what molecules? What is the effect of them?

A

Odd numbered prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and thromboxanes

Much less detrimental effect than the even numbered ones

61
Q

What are the only two substances that are appreciably absorbed in the stomach?

A

ASA and EToH

62
Q

What is the effect of trans fat consumption on insulin resistance?

A

Increases it

Nutrition (31 decks)

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