Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > DM Nutrition > Flashcards

DM Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements of metabolic syndrome?

A
  1. High TGs
  2. HTN
  3. Central obesity
  4. Low HDL
  5. Hyperglycemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the range of fasting plasma glucose to diagnose DM?

A

> 126 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the range of random plasma glucose to diagnose DM?

A

> 200 mg/dl + symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the HbA1c level to diagnose DM?

A

> 6.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the cells that are attacked in DM I?

A

Beta cells in the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is the C peptide level important when assessing hypoglycemia?

A

Exogenous insulin does not have C peptide (think munchausen’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens with amino acids uptake and synthesis with insulin?

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens with FA synthesis with insulin action?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens with glycogen synthesis with insulin action?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to glycolysis with insulin action?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happen to gluconeogenesis with insulin action?

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happen to lipolysis with insulin action?

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happen to proteolysis with insulin action?

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Increase or decrease insulin secretion: increased blood glucose

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Increase or decrease insulin secretion: leptin secretion

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increase or decrease insulin secretion: increased amino acids

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Increase or decrease insulin secretion: Increased FAs

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Increase or decrease insulin secretion: incretin hormone

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Increase or decrease insulin secretion: sympathetic nervous system stimulation

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Increase or decrease insulin secretion: Acetylcholine

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Increase or decrease glucagon secretion: sympathetic nervous system stimulation

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Increase or decrease glucagon secretion: increased circulating AAs

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Increase or decrease glucagon secretion: increased circulation of FAs

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Can the brain use ketones?

A

Yes, but only at the very end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Epinephrine acts on which pancreatic cells?

A

alpha and beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the role of Epinephrine on blood glucose/FA levels?

A

Increases energy available to the blood

27
Q

What is the role of cortisol on protein/fat metabolism?

A

Maintains glucose/fat metabolism

28
Q

True or false: DM II pts do not have an insulin deficiency, only insulin resistance

A

False- there is some insulin deficiency

29
Q

What is the scale that the glycemic index uses?

A

0-100

30
Q

What is the standard reference for the glycemic index?

A

Glucose or white bread

31
Q

How many grams of carbs are eaten when testing the glycemic index?

A

50 grams

32
Q

What is the glycemic load?

A

Glycemic index multiplied by the carb serving

33
Q

What is the best way to achieve glycemic control?

A

Total carb intake regulation

34
Q

What is the BMI that above which is concerning for DM?

A

> 25

35
Q

Giving birth to a baby that is greater than what weight is considered a risk factor for DM?

A

9 lbs

36
Q

What is the HDL level below which is concerning for DM?

A
37
Q

What is the Triglyceride level above which is concerning for DM?

A

> 250 mg/dl

38
Q

What is the disease specific to women that leads to insulin resistance

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

39
Q

Why is visceral fat concerning?

A

More metabolically active

40
Q

What is the equation to determine metabolic rate for males and females?

A 
Males = (lbs x 11)
Females = (lbs x 10)
41
Q

Losing what percent of weight has been shown to improve glycemic control?

A

10%

42
Q

Postprandial levels of BG are reflective of what?

A

How many carbs taken in

43
Q

What is viscous fiber?

A

Aids in blood sugar control

44
Q

What is gum/pectin fiber?

A

gel-like substance from fruits/vegetables

45
Q

What is the function of incompletely fermented fiber?

A

Enhance digestion

46
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

Substrate for microbial fermentation

Adds stool bulk

47
Q

What is the function of hemicellulose?

A

Substrate for microbial fermentation

48
Q

What is the function of lignin?

A

Binds to bile acids to prevent reabsorption in the intestines

49
Q

Broccoli stems, seeds and nuts have what type of fiber?

A

Lignin

50
Q

Skin of corn kernels have what type of fiber?

A

Hemicellulose

51
Q

Wheat bran, fruit, and veggies have what type of fiber?

A

Cellulose

52
Q

What percent of total calories for DM pts should come from: carbs?

A

45-65%

53
Q

What percent of total calories for DM pts should come from: fat?

A

10-35%

54
Q

What percent of total calories for DM pts should come from: sat fats?

A
55
Q

What is the recommendation for cholesterol intake for DM pts?

A
56
Q

What is the recommendation for fiber intake for DM pts?

A

38 g/day male

25 g /day female

57
Q

With nephropathy, DM pts should limit protein intake to what percent of total calorie intake?

A

10%

58
Q

Carb counting is better for which type of DM?

A

Type I

59
Q

Foods with near zero CHOs are what?

A

Meats

60
Q

What is the fasting glucose target for DM pts?

A

90-130 mg/dl

61
Q

What is the HDL target for DM pts?

A

> 50 mg/dl

62
Q

What is the random glucose target for DM pts?

A

90-130 mg/dl

63
Q

What is the triglyceride level target for DM pts?

A
64
Q

What is the LDL target for DM pts?

A

Nutrition (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions