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Nutrition > Health Screening in the General population > Flashcards

Health Screening in the General population Flashcards

1
Q

What is primordial prevention?

A

Prevent penetration of risk factors in a population

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2
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Limit the incidence of disease by controlling the causes/risk factors

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3
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Interrupting the disease before it becomes symptomatic

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4
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Limit the physical and social consequences of symptomatic disease

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5
Q

What is health screening?

A

identifying apparently healthy individuals who may be at increased risk of a disease or condition; looks for diseases before symptoms appear

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6
Q

What are the criteria for an appropriate screening test (3)?

A
  • Common
  • Morbidity/mortality risk high
  • Must be able to treat (better than reactionary)
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7
Q

What is a surrogate marker?

A

Lab measurement or physical sign that is used in therapeutic trials as a substitute for a clinically meaningful endpoint

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8
Q

What are guidelines?

A

Safest route of addressing an issue

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9
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Proportion of people in a population who have a given disease or atribute

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10
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

It is measured as the proportion of those with the condition, who have a positive test result. It is the same as the detection rate.

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11
Q

What is specificity?

A

It is measured as the proportion without the condition, who have a negative test result

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12
Q

What is positive predictive value?

A

the probability that a patient with a positive (abnormal) test result actually has the disease.

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13
Q

What is negative predictive value?

A

probability that a person with a negative (normal) test result is truly free of disease.

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14
Q

What is the equation for positive predictive value?

A

True positives/total positives

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15
Q

What is the equation for negative predictive value?

A

True negatives / total negatives

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16
Q

What does it mean for a credible guideline to be broad-based?

A

Should go beyond effectiveness to look at harm, cost, and other clinically relevant factors

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17
Q

What does it mean for a credible guideline to have receny?

A

Not out of date

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18
Q

What does it mean for a credible guideline to have imprimatur?

A

Guidelines are respoected by professional organizations

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19
Q

What grade of the USPSTF is recommended against doing something?

A

C or lower

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20
Q

What are the guidelines for

A

140/90

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21
Q

What are the guidelines for >60 for HTN?

A

150/90

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22
Q

What are the guidelines for DM/CKD pts with HTN?

A

140/90

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23
Q

What is the recommendation for screening children for HTN?

A

No clear benefit

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24
Q

What is the recommendation for screening elderly for HTN?

A

Consider checking standing readings after one and three minutes to screen for postural hypotension, especially in the elderly.

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25
Q

What is the recommendation for screening blacks for HTN?

A

Same BP, but put on thiazide/Ca channel blockers

26
Q

What percent should you treat with statins, after using the calculator?

A

7.5%

27
Q

What is part of the risk determination for CVD: HDL, LDL, or total cholesterol?

A

HDL and total,

28
Q

What is the gold standard for colon cancer screening?

A

Colonoscopy q 10 years

29
Q

How often do you get a flexible sigmoidoscopy with FOBT?

A

5 years

30
Q

When should you stop screening for CVD?

A

No set time of stopping

31
Q

What is the age range for colonoscopy?

A

50-75

32
Q

What is the grade for colon cancer screening for ages 75+? 85+?

A

C

D

33
Q

When should children have their first eye exam?

A

3-5 years

34
Q

Blacks have a higher risk for what eye disease?

A

glaucoma

35
Q

What are the advantages of hearing screening?

A

none

36
Q

What is the grade for assessing coronary Ca levels?

A

I

37
Q

True or false: there is no benefit from eye screening for the elderly

A

True

38
Q

What are the guidelines for aortic aneurysm screening?

A

after age 65, male, 100+ packs of cigarettes

39
Q

True or false: ankle-brachial index is a good screening procedure for PVD

A

False

40
Q

What are the guidelines for screening for lung CA (age, risk factors)?

A

55-80 yo, 30 pack year, currently smoking, or quit within past 15 years

41
Q

PSA screening in men under what age is not recommended?

A

40 or low risk until 54

42
Q

PSA screening at what age should be weighed against potential dangers?

A

55-69

43
Q

What age range is testicular CA most common?

A

15-34

44
Q

What is the screening guidelines for testicular cancer?

A

none

45
Q

The USPSTF recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult males. What grade?

A

D

46
Q

What is the grade for mammography?

A

B

47
Q

What are the age range for biennial mammography?

A

50-74 yo

48
Q

What is the USPSTF guidelines for starting mammography prior to 50 yo?

A

C

49
Q

What is the grade for teaching self breast exam?

A

D

50
Q

What is the grade for clinical breast exam prior to 40?

A

I

51
Q

What is the grade for using MRIs instead of mammograms?

A

I

52
Q

What is the age range for cholesterol screening?

A

assess every 4-6 years ages 20-79

53
Q

What are good HDL values? What about if they have CVD?

A

> 35 mg/dl

> 45 mg/dl

54
Q

What is the level of LDL that indicates when patient should start statins?

A

> 190 mg/dl

55
Q

What is the level of LDL that indicates when patient with DM should start statins?

A

70-189 mg/dl

56
Q

What is the benefit of coronary artery Ca scoring?

A

Grade I

57
Q

When should annual CT screening of lungs be stopped in smokers?

A

after 15 years of not smoking, or if some other disease limits benefit

58
Q

When is PSA testing absolutley contraindicated?

A

70 or with less than 10-15 life expectancy

59
Q

What are the three major STIs that pregnant women should receive?

A

Hep B
HIV
Syphilus

60
Q

How often are pap smears done? What age do they start at?

A

q 3 years, after sexual activity

61
Q

When should BP checks start How often?

A

18 years of age, q2 years

Nutrition (31 decks)

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