Cardio Friendly diets Flashcards
What is the appearance of blood vessels with mild vascular disease?
Small tears with fatty streaks
What is the appearance of blood vessels with moderate vascular disease?
Accumulation of cholesterol, Ca, and cellular debris
What is the appearance of blood vessels with severe vascular disease?
Thrombus formation after plaque rupture with platelet activation
Who is more likely to get an MI: a person with hard plaque or soft?
Soft
What cause the causative factors of vascular disease?
HTN
DM
Increased platelet activation in vascular disease may be caused by what?
Low fruit/veggie intake
What are the protective level of Na and K (relative)?
High K
Low Na
What type of fat is protective from vascular disease?
OMega 3
What is the role of adrenergic hormones in vascular disease?
Increased inflammation
Most FAs in the blood come from where?
Diet
What are the uses of lipoproteins?
Build membranes
Energy storage
What are the atherogenic lipoproteins?
Chylomicron remnants
VLDL
LDL
What are the non-atherogenic lipoproteins?
Chylomicrons
HDL
VLDL
True or false: triglycerides are directly linked to CAD
False
FAs derived from linolenic acid have how many carbons? Are these saturated, mono, or poly?
18
Polyunsaturated
Most FAs have an even or odd number of carbons?
Even (16, 18, 20)
Why can you not completely get rid of chylomicrons?
Need ADEK vits
What is the enzyme that cleaves off portions of the VLDL to deliver lipids to cells?
Lipoprotein lipase
High cholesterol diets have more or less receptors for LDL?
Less
What are the enzymes contained within HDL?
LCAT and apoE
What are HDLs high in?
proteins and phospholipids
What are the functions of HDL?
take up cholesterol from LDL and VLDL
Reverse transport of cholesterol
Olive oil has poly or mono-unsaturated fat?
Mono
What are the three major “bad” saturated fats?
Myristic (14:0)
Palmitic (16:0)
Stearic (18:0)
Why are saturated fats bad?
Tend to raise blood cholesterol
What are the two neutral FAs?
Oleic acid
Palmitoleic acid
Which have a higher melting point: mono or poly unsaturated fats?
Monounsaturated
What is the effect of monounsaturated fats on cholesterol synthesis?
Neutral
What is the most common source of mono-unsaturated FAs?
Olive oil
Position of the double bond in FAs are designated by greek letters, with the numbering starting where?
Related to the carboxyl group
Do poly-unsaturated fats raise blood cholesterol?
Generally, no
What are eicosanoids?
Immunity and inflammation
CNS messengers
What are eicosanoids made from?
omega 6 and omega 3 FAs
What are the two omega 3 FAs?
EPA
DHA
What type of FA is arachidonic acid?
omega 6
What are prostacyclins, thromboxanes, lipoxins, and leukotrienes?
Eicosanoids
What is the MOA of free radical damage causing atherosclerosis?
Free radicals attack PUFAs and apoB in LDL, causing fragmentation
What isn’t fragmented LDL created by free radicals taken up by the liver?
Not recognized by receptors
What is the effect of LDL fragments on macrophages? What does this cause?
Creates foam cells, which deposit in arteries
Free radicals can arise from what metals?
Fe and Cu
