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Nutrition > Cardio Friendly diets > Flashcards

Cardio Friendly diets Flashcards

1
Q

What is the appearance of blood vessels with mild vascular disease?

A

Small tears with fatty streaks

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2
Q

What is the appearance of blood vessels with moderate vascular disease?

A

Accumulation of cholesterol, Ca, and cellular debris

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3
Q

What is the appearance of blood vessels with severe vascular disease?

A

Thrombus formation after plaque rupture with platelet activation

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4
Q

Who is more likely to get an MI: a person with hard plaque or soft?

A

Soft

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5
Q

What cause the causative factors of vascular disease?

A

HTN

DM

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6
Q

Increased platelet activation in vascular disease may be caused by what?

A

Low fruit/veggie intake

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7
Q

What are the protective level of Na and K (relative)?

A

High K

Low Na

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8
Q

What type of fat is protective from vascular disease?

A

OMega 3

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9
Q

What is the role of adrenergic hormones in vascular disease?

A

Increased inflammation

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10
Q

Most FAs in the blood come from where?

A

Diet

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11
Q

What are the uses of lipoproteins?

A

Build membranes

Energy storage

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12
Q

What are the atherogenic lipoproteins?

A

Chylomicron remnants
VLDL
LDL

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13
Q

What are the non-atherogenic lipoproteins?

A

Chylomicrons
HDL
VLDL

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14
Q

True or false: triglycerides are directly linked to CAD

A

False

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15
Q

FAs derived from linolenic acid have how many carbons? Are these saturated, mono, or poly?

A

18

Polyunsaturated

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16
Q

Most FAs have an even or odd number of carbons?

A

Even (16, 18, 20)

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17
Q

Why can you not completely get rid of chylomicrons?

A

Need ADEK vits

18
Q

What is the enzyme that cleaves off portions of the VLDL to deliver lipids to cells?

A

Lipoprotein lipase

19
Q

High cholesterol diets have more or less receptors for LDL?

A

Less

20
Q

What are the enzymes contained within HDL?

A

LCAT and apoE

21
Q

What are HDLs high in?

A

proteins and phospholipids

22
Q

What are the functions of HDL?

A

take up cholesterol from LDL and VLDL

Reverse transport of cholesterol

23
Q

Olive oil has poly or mono-unsaturated fat?

A

Mono

24
Q

What are the three major “bad” saturated fats?

A

Myristic (14:0)
Palmitic (16:0)
Stearic (18:0)

25
Q

Why are saturated fats bad?

A

Tend to raise blood cholesterol

26
Q

What are the two neutral FAs?

A

Oleic acid

Palmitoleic acid

27
Q

Which have a higher melting point: mono or poly unsaturated fats?

A

Monounsaturated

28
Q

What is the effect of monounsaturated fats on cholesterol synthesis?

A

Neutral

29
Q

What is the most common source of mono-unsaturated FAs?

A

Olive oil

30
Q

Position of the double bond in FAs are designated by greek letters, with the numbering starting where?

A

Related to the carboxyl group

31
Q

Do poly-unsaturated fats raise blood cholesterol?

A

Generally, no

32
Q

What are eicosanoids?

A

Immunity and inflammation

CNS messengers

33
Q

What are eicosanoids made from?

A

omega 6 and omega 3 FAs

34
Q

What are the two omega 3 FAs?

A

EPA

DHA

35
Q

What type of FA is arachidonic acid?

A

omega 6

36
Q

What are prostacyclins, thromboxanes, lipoxins, and leukotrienes?

A

Eicosanoids

37
Q

What is the MOA of free radical damage causing atherosclerosis?

A

Free radicals attack PUFAs and apoB in LDL, causing fragmentation

38
Q

What isn’t fragmented LDL created by free radicals taken up by the liver?

A

Not recognized by receptors

39
Q

What is the effect of LDL fragments on macrophages? What does this cause?

A

Creates foam cells, which deposit in arteries

40
Q

Free radicals can arise from what metals?

A

Fe and Cu

Nutrition (31 decks)

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