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Nutrition > Nicotine Addiction > Flashcards

Nicotine Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of nicotine on the body?

A

increased arousal

Increased HR, BP, RR,

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2
Q

What is the effect of nicotine on blood sugar levels?

A

Hyperglycemia

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3
Q

True or false: nicotine is the cause of the cardiac disease, not the smoking itself

A

True

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4
Q

What are the neurotranmitters that are increased in the brain in reponse to nicotine?

A

Dopamine/NE
Acetylcholine
5HT, GABA

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5
Q

How is tobacco addiction a habit?

A

Learned behavior that is precticed over time

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6
Q

The smell of dopamine releases what neurotransmitter in addicted individuals?

A

Dopamine

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7
Q

What is the definition of a cigarette?

A

ANy roll of tobacco wrapped in paper or any substance not containing tobacco

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8
Q

What ingredient in cigarettes provides a mild anethesia?

A

Menthol

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9
Q

True or false: there is no such thing as a “light” cigarette

A

True

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10
Q

What are tobacco specific nitrosamines found in? Why is this concerning?

A

chew–highly carcinogenic and end up in lung

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11
Q

Why is snuff, in some respects, more concerning than cigarettes?

A

Contains more nicotine per dose

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12
Q

What is the definition of a cigar?

A

Any roll of tobacco wrapped in leaf tobacco or any substance containing tobacco

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13
Q

How much nicotine is contained within one cigar?

A

100-444 mg

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14
Q

True or false: the only way to get the nicotine found in a cigar is through smoking it

A

False–absorbed through mouth/lips

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15
Q

What are the five A’s of tobacco treatment?

A 
Ask
Advise
Assess
Assist
Arrange
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16
Q

What is the relevance part of the 5 Rs?

A

Why it is personal

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17
Q

What is the risks part of the 5 Rs?

A

identify consequences

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18
Q

What is the rewards part of the 5 Rs?

A

Identify benefits

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19
Q

What is the roadblocks part of the 5 Rs?

A

What are the barriers

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20
Q

What is the repetition part of the 5 Rs?

A

Re-valuate with each visit

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21
Q

What is the ask part of the 5 As

A

Identify users

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22
Q

What is the advise part of the 5 As?

A

Strongly urge users to quit

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23
Q

What is th assess part of the 5 As?

A

Determing willinness to quit

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24
Q

What is the assist part of the 5 As?

A

aid the pt

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25
Q

What is the arrange part of the 5 As?

A

Schedule f/u

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26
Q

True or false: there are no TSAs in nicotine treatment options, like the patch

27
Q

How many mg of nicotine are absorbed with the patch?

28
Q

What is the timeframe for treatment for nicotine addication?

29
Q

What is a common side effect of the patch? What is the treatment for this?

A

Vivid dreams–take off during sleeping

30
Q

True or false: unless the patient is adamant anout it, you never use just nicotine gum

A

True– too low of a dose

31
Q

What is the major problem with nicotine gum?

A

Slow absorption

32
Q

Why should pts never chew on a lozange?

A

Will cause nausea

33
Q

True or false: you should never inhale a nicotine nasal spray

34
Q

What is the fasstest route of nicotine that is not cigarretes?

A

Nasal spray (10 minutes)

35
Q

True or false: the inhaler treatment for nicotine addiction is not inhaled, but puffed, and absorbed through the mouth

36
Q

How does wellbutrin work to treat tobacco addiction?

A

Replaces the nicotine effects of dopamine

37
Q

True or false: it is safe to use wellbutrin for patients with CVD, COPD, or if they’re on other antidepressants

38
Q

True or false: alcoholics are safe to receive wellbutrin

39
Q

What is the MOA of chantix (varenicline)?

A

Partial agonist for nicotine receptors—Blocking nicotine from binding

40
Q

Is it okay to take chantix on a full stomach

A

Yes, you have to

41
Q

When should you monitor pts livers when on chantix

A

Elderly or known liver failure

42
Q

What are the two major side effects of chantix?

A

Suicidal thoughts

Szs

43
Q

What form of tobacco are all of the treatments off label?

A

Spit tobacco

44
Q

What are the treatments for spit tobacco addiction?

A

Gum
Patch
Lozange

45
Q

What types of nicotine replacement should not be given to spit tobacco users?

A

Nasal spray

Oral inhaler

46
Q

What is the best treatment for spit tobacco users?

47
Q

What is the indication for too much nicotine replacement? Too little?

A

Too much = nausea

Too little = cravings

48
Q

Why is caffeine use higher in pts who use nicotine

A

p450 enzyme upregulated, thus clears caffeine faster

49
Q

Why is pain tolerance lower in tobacco users?

A

higher clearance or opiates (endogenous or not)

50
Q

Spit tobacco contains high levels of what vitamin? Why is this concerning?

A

K–will increase coagulation time is trying to quit

51
Q

Which form of tobacco affects coumadin metabolism more: spit or cigarettes?

52
Q

How long can it take for coumadin levels to reach optimal levels in patients who are quitting smoking?

53
Q

How long does it take after quitting tobacco for stroke risk to return to presmoking levels?

A

5-15 years

54
Q

How long does it take after quitting tobacco for throat CA risk to return to presmoking levels?

A

5-15 years

55
Q

How long does it take after quitting tobacco for lung CA risk to get to 1/2 presmoking levels?

56
Q

How long does it take after quitting tobacco for coronary heart disease risk to return to presmoking levels?

57
Q

True or false: hookah is more safe than cigarettes?

A

very false-much, much worse

58
Q

What is the problem with the propylene glycol used in e-cigarettes?

A

When heated, turns into carcinogen

59
Q

What is the problem with the refill tanks for e-cigarettes?

A

Very, very concentrated, and look like candy

60
Q

True or false: there is an association between tobacco use, and SIDS

61
Q

What are the problems with secondhand smoke exposure in children?

A

Bronchitis
Asthma
Poor lung development

62
Q

What is the primary age to start using tobacco?

63
Q

True or false: kids who start smoking have a higher risk of depression and suicide

64
Q

What is third hand smoke?

A

Smoking deposits on materials

Nutrition (31 decks)

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