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Nutrition > Minerals II > Flashcards

Minerals II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of chromium?

A

Blood glucose and insulin

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2
Q

What is the role of Cu?

A

Utilization of iron stores, lipids, collagen, neurotransmitter synthesis

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3
Q

What is the role of fluoride?

A

Thyroid hormone synthesis

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4
Q

What is the role of iodine?

A

Thyroid hormone synthesis

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5
Q

What is the role of Fe?

A

Component of Hb

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6
Q

Deficiency in chromium results in what?

A

Glucose intolerance

Glu and lipid metabolism abnormalities

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7
Q

Deficiency in copper results in what?

A

Anemia
Neutropenia
Bone abnormalities

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8
Q

Deficiency in fluoride results in what?

A

Dental caries

Bone problems

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9
Q

Deficiency in Iodine results in what?

A

Thyroid enlargement
Cretinism
Increased lipids

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10
Q

Deficiency in Fe results in what?

A

Anemia
Palpitations
Dysphagia

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11
Q

What are the sources of chromium?

A

Fruits

Veggies

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12
Q

What are the sources of Cu?

A

Meat/fish

grains

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13
Q

What are the sources of Fluoride?

A

Meat

Grains

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14
Q

What are the sources of Iodine?

A

Iodized salt

Seafood

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15
Q

What are the sources of Fe?

A

Meat

Veggies

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16
Q

What is the role of Mn?

A

Brain function
Collagen
Urea synthesis

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17
Q

What is the role of Mb?

A

Metabolism of purines/pyrimidines

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18
Q

What is the role of Se?

A

Protects cells against destruction by hydrogen peroxide free radicals

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19
Q

What is the role of Zn?

A

Energy metabolism, protein synthesis

Collagen synthesis

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20
Q

Deficiency of Mn results in what?

A

Impaired growth
Skeletal abnormalities
Impaired CNS

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21
Q

Deficiency of Mb results in what?

A

Hypermethioninemia

Sulfite excretion

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22
Q

Deficiency of Se results in what?

A

Myalgia
Cardiac myopathy
Cell fragility

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23
Q

Deficiency of Zn results in what?

A

Poor wound healing

Changes in hair skin, nails

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24
Q

What are the sources of Mn?

A

Wheat
fruit
meat

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25
Q

What are the sources of Mb?

A

Soybeans

lentils

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26
Q

What are the sources of Se?

A

Grains

Meat

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27
Q

What are the sources of Zn?

A

Wheat

Meat

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28
Q

True or false: Fe is required by almost every cell

A

True

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29
Q

What is the point of regulation for Fe?

A

Absorption

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30
Q

What are the non-heme enhancers of Fe?

A

Acids

Sugars

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31
Q

What type of Fe is only found in animal sources?

A

Heme

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32
Q

What is the enzymatic function of Fe?

A

Mono-oxygenases

Dioxygenases

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33
Q

What is the interaction of Fe with ascorbic acid?

A

Enhances non-heme Fe absorption

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34
Q

What is the interaction of Fe with Cu?

A

Fe dependent on Cu to be mobilized

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35
Q

What is the interaction of Zn with Fe?

A

Fe decreases Zn absorption

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36
Q

What is the interaction of Vit A with Fe?

A

Reduced vit A alters tissue distribution

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37
Q

What is the interaction of Pb with Fe?

A

Inhibits activity of heme synthesis

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38
Q

What is the interaction between Fe and Se?

A

Fe deficiency associated with decreased [selenium]

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39
Q

What is the most common dietary deficiency?

A

Fe

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40
Q

True or false: pica is a symptom of anemia

A

True

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41
Q

Why are infants susceptible to Fe deficiency anemia?

A

Fe content low in milk

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42
Q

Why are pregnant women susceptible to Fe deficiency anemia?

A

Baby takes all Fe

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43
Q

True or false: Fe deficiency can occur without anemia

A

True

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44
Q

What are the lab findings of anemia (other than the obvious)?

A

Microcytic anemia

Increased TIBC

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45
Q

What are the symptoms of Fe toxicity?

A

Emesis

Diarrhea

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46
Q

What are the chronic causes of Fe overload?

A

hemolytic anemia

Hemochromatosis

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47
Q

What is the treatment for Fe overload?

A

Frequent phlebotomy and chelation

48
Q

What are the three parts of the body that house Zn?

A

Liver
Kidney
Muscle

49
Q

What are the drugs that decreased Zn absorption? Why?

A

Antacids
H2 receptor blockers

Increased acidity lower release of Zn

50
Q

What are the Zn dependent enzymes?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase
Superoxide dismutase
Carbonic anhydrase

51
Q

IF a wound does not heal, then what should be administered?

A

Vit C

Zn

52
Q

Zn supplementation can improve what two broad functions of the immune system?

A

Antioxidant levels

CD4 count

53
Q

What is the relationship of Zn to Vit A?

A

Decreased mobilization of retinol from the liver

54
Q

What is the relationship between Zn and Cu absorption?

A

Decreases Cu absorption

55
Q

What may replace Zn in enzyme necessary for heme synthesis?

A

Pb

56
Q

Zn is required in digestion of what mineral?

A

Folate

57
Q

What happens in Zn poisoning?

A

Decreases Cu and Hb

58
Q

What are the two different oxidation states of Cu (and their names)?

A

Cu1 (cuprous)

Cu2 (cupric)

59
Q

What is the role of ceruloplasmin?

A

Needed for Fe mobilization

60
Q

What is the metal that cytochrome C contains?

A

Cu

61
Q

What is the metal that superoxide dismutase needs?

A

Cu

62
Q

What is the metal that tyrosinase needs?

A

Cu

63
Q

What is the interaction between Fe and Cu?

A

Cu need for Fe metabolism

64
Q

What is the interaction between Mb and Cu?

A

Cu excretion rises and Mb intakes increases

65
Q

What is the interaction between Se and Cu?

A

Cu deficiency decreases selenium-dependent enzyme function

66
Q

True or false: Cu deficiency is rare in the US

A

True

67
Q

What is the cause of Wilson’s disease?

A

Defective transporter required for Cu biliary excretion

68
Q

What is the cause of Menkes syndrome?

A

Defect in transporter that transports Cu to the fetus or through the intestines after birth

69
Q

What are the symptoms of Cu poisoning?

A

N/v/d
Hematuria
Jaundice

70
Q

What are the symptoms of Menkes syndrome?

A

Kinky white hair + Growth retardation

71
Q

What is the function of selenium?

A

p450

DNA repair

72
Q

Se serves as a cofactor for what enzyme?

A

Glutathione peroxidase

73
Q

Se has a role in metabolism of what mineral?

A

I

74
Q

Cu deficiency leads to what problem with Se?

A

Decreased activity of Se-dependent enzymes

75
Q

What is Keshan’s disease?

A

Cardiomyopathy involving cardiogenic shock, CHF, necrosis of heart

76
Q

What is Kashin’s-Beck’s disease?

A

Osteoarthropathy

Degeneration and necrosis of joints

77
Q

What are the symptoms of selenosis?

A

N/v fatigue

hair and nail loss

78
Q

Iodine is needed for the synthesis of what?

A

Thyroid hormone

79
Q

Iodine deficiency results in what?

A

Hypothyroidism (goiter, decreased cold tolerance)

80
Q

Why is Iodine toxicity rare?

A

Easily excreted in urine

81
Q

What are the complications of iodine toxicity?

A

Hyperthyroidism (graves disease, weight loss, heat intolerance)

82
Q

Fluoride reduce the uptake of what minerals? (4)

A

Al
Ca
Mg
Cl

83
Q

Fluoride increases the uptake of what minerals?

A

phosphate

Sulfate

84
Q

What are the symptoms of fluoride toxicity?

A

Changes in bone, kidney and nerve function

85
Q

What is the interaction between Cr and Fe

A

Cr may displace Fe

86
Q

What is the role of Cr in glucose intolerance?

A

Binds to nicotinic acid and AA

87
Q

What is picolinic acid, and what is the problem with it?

A

Cr supplement, may cause DNa damage

88
Q

What is the role of Mn?

A

Enzyme activator

Modulator of second messengers

89
Q

What are the symptoms of Mn deficiency?

A

N/v/dermatitis

90
Q

What are the symptoms of Mn toxicity?

A

Liver failure

Parkinson-like symptoms

91
Q

What happens when DM pts are supplemented with Cr?

A

Lowers BG and HbA1C

92
Q

What metal is a potent antagonist of molybdenum?

A

Tungsten

93
Q

What is the usual cause of molybdenum deficiency?

A

high intake of sulfur, Cu

94
Q

Molybdenum deficiency is associated with what cancer?

A

Esophageal

95
Q

What are the toxic effects of molybdenum?

A

High uric acid concentration

96
Q

What are the six ultratrace elements?

A 
Ni
Si
V
As
B
Co
97
Q

What is the role of Ni?

A

Membrane/enzyme activity

98
Q

What is the role of Si?

A

Formation of CT and bone matrix

99
Q

What is the role of V?

A

Glucose and lipid reproductive performance

100
Q

Deficiency in Ni results in what?

A

Liver problems, anemia

101
Q

Deficiency in Si results in what?

A

Decreased collagen

102
Q

Deficiency in V results in what?

A

Reduce growth

103
Q

What is the function of arsenic?

A

Growth and iron use

104
Q

What is the function of B?

A

Bone composition

105
Q

What is the function of Co?

A

B12 structure

106
Q

What is the function of Li?

A

Enzymes?

107
Q

Low Li in water is associated with what?

A

Suicide, homicide

108
Q

Al toxicity results in what?

A

Renal encephalopathy

109
Q

Cd toxicity results in what?

A

Kidney problems

Anemia

110
Q

Hg toxicity results in what?

A

Ataxia
Visual problems
MR

111
Q

Pb toxicity leads to what?

A

Neurological, kidney, and hematological changes

112
Q

What is the effect of Pb on Fe?

A

Inhibits heme synthesis

113
Q

What is the interaction between vitamin A and Zn?

A

Zn needed for Synthesis of retinol binding protein

114
Q

What is the interaction between Zn and folate?

A

Zn deficiency = folate deficiency

115
Q

What is the effect of high Zn levels on Cu? Hb?

A

Lowers Cu, therefor lowering Hb levels

116
Q

What is the role of ceruloplasmin?

A

Transports Cu, needed for Fe utilization

117
Q

Cr may displace which other metal?

A

Fe

Nutrition (31 decks)

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