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Nutrition > Minerals I > Flashcards

Minerals I Flashcards

1
Q

What are macrominerals?

A

Minerals that are required at amounts >100mg/day

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2
Q

What are trace minerals?

A

Minerals required at amounts

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3
Q

What major minerals are those present in amounts larger than what?

A

5 g

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4
Q

Major or trace mineral: Ca

A

Major

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5
Q

Major or trace mineral: phosphorus

A

major

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6
Q

Major or trace mineral: K

A

Major

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7
Q

Major or trace mineral: sulfur

A

major

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8
Q

Major or trace mineral: chloride

A

Major

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9
Q

Major or trace mineral: Mg

A

Major

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10
Q

Major or trace mineral: Fe

A

Trace

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11
Q

Major or trace mineral: Zn

A

trace

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12
Q

Major or trace mineral: Cu

A

Trace

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13
Q

Major or trace mineral: Mg

A

Trace

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14
Q

Major or trace mineral: Iodine

A

trace

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15
Q

Major or trace mineral: Selenium

A

Trace

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16
Q

Ca and phosphoruss are higher in adolescents than at any other time. Why?

A

High bone growth

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17
Q

Is there a DRI or UL for sulfur?

A

No

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18
Q

What is the role of Cl in the body?

A

Maintains enzyme activation, pH

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19
Q

What is the role of potassium?

A

Water/eletrolyte balance

Cell membrane transfer

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20
Q

Deficiency in K leads to what?

A

Muscle weakness/paralysis

Arrhythmias

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21
Q

What are the sources of phosphorus?

A

meat

dairy

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22
Q

What is the role of Na?

A

Water and electrolyte balance
pH balance
nerve transmission

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23
Q

Deficiency in Na leads to what?

A

Anorexia
Nausea
Muscle atrophy

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24
Q

What is the role of sulfur in the body?

A

Component of amino acids

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25
Q

Deficiency of sulfur leads to what?

A

Unknown

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26
Q

What are the sources of sulfur?

A

proteinacious foods

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27
Q

What is the DRI for water for males? Females?

A 
Males = 3.7 L/day
Females = 2.5 L/day
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28
Q

A decrease in what percent of body water can be life threatening?

A

10%

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29
Q

What are the functions of water?

A

Solvent
Regulate body temp
Lube joints
Transport

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30
Q

What percent of body water is found intracellularly? Extracellularly?

A 
Intracellularly = 60%
Extracellularly = 40%
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31
Q

What part of the 40% of water that is extracellular is found in the interstitium? Intravascularly?

A 
Interstitium = 32%
Intravascular = 8%
32
Q

Why does muscle weigh more than fat?

A

Due to more water in muscle

33
Q

True or false: deficiencies in Na, K, and Cl are extremely rare

A

True

34
Q

What is the major extracellular cation?

A

Na

35
Q

What is the major intracellular cation?

A

K

36
Q

What is the major extracellular anion?

A

Cl

37
Q

What is the beer potomania?

A

Beer hyponatremia d/t large fluid intake

38
Q

What is the MOA of refeeding syndrome?

A

Insulin pulls K into cells, leading to hypokalemia

39
Q

What is the adequate daily intake for sodium? TUL?

A

1.5g

TUL = 2.3 g

40
Q

True or false: most of the sodium in our diet is not from added table salt

A

True

41
Q

Which ethnicity should have a lower sodium intake?

A

African descent (1.5 as opposed to 2.3)

42
Q

What are the effects of low K intake?

A

Increased BP
Increased salt sensitivity
Increased Bone turnover
Increased risk of kidney stones

43
Q

Where does our K come from?

A

Foods (not supplements)

44
Q

What is the cause of salt sensitivity?

A

Renal injury, leading to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system via sympathetics, and increased retention of water + salts

45
Q

What happens to sudden drops of Na intake in salt sensitive individuals?

A

Sudden hyponatremia

46
Q

What are the three hormones involved in Ca regulation?

A

PTH
Calcitriol
Calcitonin

47
Q

What percent of our body’s Ca is found in bones/teeth?

A

99%

48
Q

True or false: vitamin D is the only real vitamin that plays a role in bone health

A

False-many others

49
Q

What is the effect of Ca levels on high Na intake?

A

Increase excretion of Ca

50
Q

What is the effect of high intake of protein on Ca levels?

A

Increases excretion

51
Q

What is the effect of caffeine on Ca levels?

A

Increase excretion and reduces absorption

52
Q

What is the effect of alcohol on Ca levels?

A

Reduces absorption

53
Q

What is the effect of Phosphorus on Ca levels?

A

Minimal effects

54
Q

What is the effect of Fruits and vegetables on Ca levels?

A

reduces excretion

55
Q

What is the effect of boron with Mg on Ca levels?

A

Increases excretion

56
Q

How does coffee stunt growth?

A

Increases Ca excretion

57
Q

What is the RDI for Ca to reduce risk for hip fracture?

A

750 mg

58
Q

What is the risk of Ca supplements?

A

Increased risk of renal stones

59
Q

Who is more likely to take a Ca supplement: men or women?

A

Women

60
Q

Where in our body is most of the phosphorus found?

A

Bones

61
Q

What are the roles of phosphorus?

A

ATP generation
Acid base balance
Intracellular anion

62
Q

PTH and vitamin D have what effect on phosphorus absorption?

A

Increase

63
Q

What is the effect of magnesium, Al, Ca on phosphorus absorption?

A

Decrease

64
Q

What is the relationship between phosphorus intake and excretion?

A

Linear

65
Q

True or false: deficiency in phosphorus is rare

A

true–present in most foods

66
Q

Who is particularly at risk for phosphorus deficiency?

A

Premature infants

Those receiving large amounts of vitamin supplements

67
Q

What is the normal range of Mg intake?

A

20-28g

68
Q

Where in the body is most Mg found?

A

Bone/muscle

69
Q

What is the role of Mg in the body? (2)

A

Crystal lattice of bone

Enzymes

70
Q

Phytate and fiber can impair the absorption in what mineral?

A

Mg

71
Q

What is the type of coating of tablets that increased absorption?

A

Enteric coated

72
Q

What is the metal that can inhibit PTH secretion?

A

Mg

73
Q

What mineral is needed for the hydroxylation of vit D?

A

Mg

74
Q

What is the mineral needed to balance K in the body?

A

Mg

75
Q

Deficiency in Mg leads to what?

A

N/v/anorexia

Spasms/tremors

76
Q

What is the major role of sulfur?

A

Part of vitamins and keratin

77
Q

True or false: there is an interrelationship between sulfur and vit E

A

True

Nutrition (31 decks)

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