Obesity I Flashcards
What is the technical definition of obesity?
Excess body fat
BMI >30
True or false: OA is a risk factor of obesity
True
True or false: gallstones and renal stones are risk factors of obesity
not renal stones, but gall stones yes.
True or false: GYN abnormalities are risk factors of obesity
True
How large a role are genetics in obesity?
Small
How does polycystic ovarian syndrome lead to obesity?
Too much insulin is being produced, and does not function normally
How does hypothyroidism lead to obesity?
Decrease in thyroid hormone
How does Cushing’s syndrome lead to obesity?
Adrenal glands overproduce cortisol
What are the meds that lead to weight gain? (5)
Antipsychotics Antidepressants DM meds Antiepileptic Glucocorticoids
What is the adaptive viewpoint of fat and evolution?
Accumulation of fat was advantageous
What are “thrifty genes”?
Theoretical genes that caused increased fat deposition, due to common famine
What is the maladaptive viewpoint of obesity?
Obesity has never been advantageous–some do not have brown adipose tissue
What is the neutral viewpoint of obesity?
Obesity never advantageous.
Many genes involved in weight regulation
What is the set point theory?
Upper and lower points exist, but upper point increased
What are the three key players in energy homeostasis?
Brain
GI tract
Adipose tissue
What are the 5 major chemical players in appetite?
Leptin Ghrelin GLP-1 PYY CCK
What is the prandial state?
Food recently taken in, is in the blood
What is the postabsorptive state?
Absence of calories entering the circulation from the GI tract–rely on stores
What is the role of CCK?
Peptide hormone produced by the small intestines in response to feedings, causing pancreas to excrete enzymes
What is the role of the PYY hormone?
Insulin peptide hormone released by pancreas in response to elevated levels of blood glucose
What is the role of GLP-1? (3)
- Increases insulin secretion/sensitivity
- Decreases glucagon
- Inhibits acid secretion and gastric emptying
What is the role of leptin?
Peptide hormone released by adipose tissue to hypothalamus to signal satiety
What is a genetic disease where leptin resistance is common?
Prader-Willi syndrome
What is the role of ghrelin?
Peptide hormone produced by stomach lining, goes to CNS, increases hunger
Physical hunger or emotional hunger: hunger that develops suddenly
Emotional
Physical hunger or emotional hunger: specific food craving
Emotional
Physical hunger or emotional hunger: above the neck hunger cues
Emotional
Physical hunger or emotional hunger: deliberate choices while eating
Physical hunger
Physical hunger or emotional hunger: results in overeating
EMotional
Physical hunger or emotional hunger: results in feelings of nourishment and satisfaction
Physical
What are the three questions to ask yourself when seeing an obese pt?
Why?
How affect pt?
How treat?
What are the 5 stages in the stages of change model?
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
What should you ask a pt in the precontemplative stage of change?
How life would be different
What should you say to a pt in the contemplative stage of change?
What stopping
Encourage support networks
What should you say to a pt in the preparation stage of change?
Encourage small goals
reinforce changes
What should you say to a pt in the maintenance stage of change?
Identify weakness
