Reviw sheet: Chpt 2 Part 1 Flashcards
What is the central science
chemistry
what is matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
What are the 4 states of matter
Solid
liquid
gas
plasma
What determines the state of matter its going to be in
the amount of energy in the molecules of matter
What is a nucleus of an atom made of
neutrons and protons
were is a nucleus found
middle of a cell
What is the difference btwn an element and an atom
the atom is part of the element
the element is this own substance
what charge do protons have
Positive charge
What charge do neutrons have
No charge
what charge do electrons have
Negative charge
What subatomic particle determines what element you have
protons
What subatomic particle orbits the nucleus
electrons
What holds an atom together
electromagnetic forces
What changes in an atom in a chemical reaction
the atoms rearrange and make new bonds
What changes in an atom with a nuclear reaction
changes the nucleus of the atom
What elements are living things mostly made of
oxygen
carbon
hydrongen
nitrogen
calcium
What is an ionic bond
chemical boding that results from the electrical attraction between a positive and negative sarge
Why do elements bond
so they can reach the most stable state possible
What is a covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
How many electrons do atoms want in their outer shell?
so they don’t have give up or gain eletrons
What is an ion
a charged atom
What type of bonds can covalent bonds have
polar and nonpolar
Which are the strongest type of bond
1 single 3 strongest 1 weakest
2 double
3 triple
what is a compound
a substance made of 2 or more elements
what is evidence of a chemical change
bubbles
gives off light
change is color
forms a precipitate
are phase changes a physical or chemical change
physical
what is energy
the ability to do work
What are 2 kinds of energy?
kinetic energy & potential energy
what are there the characteristics of kinetic energy and potential energy
kinetic energy is in motion
potential energy is stored
what are the laws of thermondynamics
Energy is can’t be created or destroyed
When energy is used some is lost
what happens to energy if more heat is given to it
it becomes more active
What is absolute zero
lowest temperature possible
what happens to particle movement in absolute zero
no more movement
What is the difference btwn exothermic and endothermic reactions?
exothermic gives off heat
endothermic absorbs heat
what is a catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
what is the difference a solute and solvent
solute - A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
solvent - A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
what is a concentration?
the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance
what does it mean that water is polar
it has a positive side and a negative side
What types of bonds do water molecules form btwn each other
H-bonds
what is the difference btwn adhesion and cohesion
adhesion - An attraction between molecules of different substances
cohesion - Attraction between molecules of the same substance
what does it mean that water has a high specific heat?
it takes more energy to heat up water than other substances
How does water-specific heat allow to take place on earth and in human body
it regulates the temperature of both things
what is acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
what numbers is acid on the PH scale
0 - 6.99
how do you make acid
you increase the H+
what is a base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
what numbers are a base on the Ph scale
7.01 – 14
What is a neutral substance on the PH scale
7
