Reviw sheet: Chpt 2 Part 1

Question 1

What is the central science

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

what is matter

Answer 2

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

What are the 4 states of matter

Answer 3

Solid
liquid
gas
plasma

Question 4

What determines the state of matter its going to be in

Answer 4

the amount of energy in the molecules of matter

Question 5

What is a nucleus of an atom made of

Answer 5

neutrons and protons

Question 6

were is a nucleus found

Answer 6

middle of a cell

Question 7

What is the difference btwn an element and an atom

Answer 7

the atom is part of the element
the element is this own substance

Question 8

what charge do protons have

Answer 8

Positive charge

Question 9

What charge do neutrons have

Answer 9

No charge

Question 10

what charge do electrons have

Answer 10

Negative charge

Question 11

What subatomic particle determines what element you have

Answer 11

protons

Question 12

What subatomic particle orbits the nucleus

Answer 12

electrons

Question 13

What holds an atom together

Answer 13

electromagnetic forces

Question 14

What changes in an atom in a chemical reaction

Answer 14

the atoms rearrange and make new bonds

Question 15

What changes in an atom with a nuclear reaction

Answer 15

changes the nucleus of the atom

Question 16

What elements are living things mostly made of

Answer 16

oxygen
carbon
hydrongen
nitrogen
calcium

Question 17

What is an ionic bond

Answer 17

chemical boding that results from the electrical attraction between a positive and negative sarge

Question 18

Why do elements bond

Answer 18

so they can reach the most stable state possible

Question 19

What is a covalent bond

Answer 19

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Question 20

How many electrons do atoms want in their outer shell?

Answer 20

so they don’t have give up or gain eletrons

Question 21

What is an ion

Answer 21

a charged atom

Question 22

What type of bonds can covalent bonds have

Answer 22

polar and nonpolar

Question 23

Which are the strongest type of bond

Answer 23

1 single 3 strongest 1 weakest
2 double
3 triple

Question 24

what is a compound

Answer 24

a substance made of 2 or more elements

Question 25

what is evidence of a chemical change

Answer 25

bubbles gives off light change is color forms a precipitate

Question 26

are phase changes a physical or chemical change

Answer 26

physical

Question 27

what is energy

Answer 27

the ability to do work

Question 28

What are 2 kinds of energy?

Answer 28

kinetic energy & potential energy

Question 29

what are there the characteristics of kinetic energy and potential energy

Answer 29

kinetic energy is in motion potential energy is stored

Question 30

what are the laws of thermondynamics

Answer 30

Energy is can’t be created or destroyed When energy is used some is lost

Question 31

what happens to energy if more heat is given to it

Answer 31

it becomes more active

Question 32

What is absolute zero

Answer 32

lowest temperature possible

Question 33

what happens to particle movement in absolute zero

Answer 33

no more movement

Question 34

What is the difference btwn exothermic and endothermic reactions?

Answer 34

exothermic gives off heat endothermic absorbs heat

Question 35

what is a catalyst

Answer 35

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 36

what is the difference a solute and solvent

Answer 36

solute - A substance that is dissolved in a solution. solvent - A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Question 37

what is a concentration?

Answer 37

the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance

Question 38

what does it mean that water is polar

Answer 38

it has a positive side and a negative side

Question 39

What types of bonds do water molecules form btwn each other

Answer 39

H-bonds

Question 40

what is the difference btwn adhesion and cohesion

Answer 40

adhesion - An attraction between molecules of different substances cohesion - Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 41

what does it mean that water has a high specific heat?

Answer 41

it takes more energy to heat up water than other substances

Question 42

How does water-specific heat allow to take place on earth and in human body

Answer 42

it regulates the temperature of both things

Question 43

what is acid

Answer 43

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 44

what numbers is acid on the PH scale

Answer 44

0 - 6.99

Question 45

how do you make acid

Answer 45

you increase the H+

Question 46

what is a base

Answer 46

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

Question 47

what numbers are a base on the Ph scale

Answer 47

7.01 – 14

Question 48

What is a neutral substance on the PH scale

Answer 48

7