chpt 5 revew Flashcards

1
Q

difference btwn chromosomes, chromatin, and chromatids

A

chromosomes - double helix of DNA
chromatin - loose DNA and protien
chromatids - half a chromosome

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2
Q

what is the purpose of supercoiling the DNA

A

it reduces space and lets more DNA to be packaged

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3
Q

what are 3 stages if interphase
whathappens in each and what do they stand for

A

g1 phase (cell growth)
s phase (DNA sythesis)
G2 (more cell growth)

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4
Q

what are histoes
what is the purpos of them?

A

a group of protien found in chromitin
provides structure

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5
Q

wwhat stage does the cell spend most its life?

A

interphase

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6
Q

what are the stages of mitosis

A

prophase
metephase
anaphase
telephase
cytoknises

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7
Q

what is cytokinses
how do plants and aimals differ

A

division of a cell at the end of mitosis
Animlas dovosion start from the center and work to the walls
plants start from the walls and work to the center

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8
Q

what is the purpose of checkpoint in the cell
how many are there

A

to make sure theirs no bad cells passing through
3

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9
Q

what happens in each stage of mitosis

A

prophase -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -

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10
Q

what gets checked in each of the checkpoints in the cell

A

In the G1 it makes sure th cell
g2 evaluates the DNA
mitosis makes sure the cells devids properly

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11
Q

why do organisms use mitosis

A

it makes new cells to grow to replace old cells

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12
Q

what is cancer
why dont your cells stop this

A

uncontrolled cell growth

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13
Q

what is the difference btwn an ocogene and a tumor supperessor gene

A

there both genes to tell a cell to divids

oncogene tell the cell to divid
tumor superessor tell the cell to stop dividing

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14
Q

what is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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15
Q

what are the two kinds of cancer
what is the differnce btwn them

A

Bengin - slow growing cancer
maligment - grows and spreads fast

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16
Q

which type of cancer is worse btwn the 2 types?

A

maligment

17
Q

what is a corcinogen
what are exaplmes of carsinogens

A

anything in the environment that can make you have cancer

radiation, smoking, pollution

18
Q

what kinfd of treatment is there for cancer

A

catching it early with surgery, chemical therapy the radiation.

19
Q

why is it so important to catch canre early

A

so it doesn’t have a chance to spread through out your body

20
Q

what are the side effects to cancer treatment?
why are these ares of the body causing the side effects

A

hair loss, vomiting, weight lose, fingernail lose
they are caused for these parts of the body produce cell that rapidly divide.

21
Q

if you are diagnosed with cancer what stage is the best?

A

you want benign for sure.

22
Q

what happens in the prophase

A

Chromatin coil and become visible
- now chromosomes
Nucleus disappears
Centrioles move to poles
d) Spindle fiber begins to form (made from microtubules)

23
Q

what happens in the prophase

A

Chromatin coil and become visible
- now chromosomes
Nucleus disappears
a)Centrioles move to poles
d) Spindle fiber begins to form (made
from microtubules)

24
Q

what happenes in the metaphase

A

a) Chromosomes meet in the middle
b) Spindles attach to chromatids

25
Q

what happenes in the anaphase

A

Chromatids move apart
b) Chromatids are now chromosomes

26
Q

telephase what happenes?

A

Chromosomes reach poles
b) Nucleus reforms

27
Q

what happenes in cytokinesis

A

Dividing the cytoplasm