Chp 4 notes Flashcards
four energy relationships
- everything needs energy
- when energy is used some of it lost
- Cell store energy for whenever they need it
- Have to keep energy stores up
What are Autotrophs?
What do Autotrophs do?
Producers
Make their own food
What are Heterotrophs?
What do they do?
consumer
can’t make their own food
ATP chemicals
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP
Organisms store energy as cards, lipids, & protein
What does ( ate ) mean
oxygen
what does (phosph) mean
phosphorous
What does triphosphate mean?
3 phosphorus surrounded by oxygen
what are cards
starch and glycogen
how much can lipids store
2x more energy / gram then cards
when does protein come into use
last to be used
why is ATP better than protein and lipids and cards
Smaller and useable energy
accessed quickly
What are the things that makeup ATP
Phosphate - 3 groups
Ribose - 5 carbon sugar
adenine - base found in DNA
what kind of energy is ATP
chemical energy
Where is the energy stored in ATP
in bonds btwn phosphates
what happens when you break the phosphate bonds
releases energy
what happens when you use ATP
it turns into ADP
phosphate comes off
you make energy
what does ADP mean
Adenosine diphoshpate
how do you make ADP to ATP
add a Phosphate (P)
Why can’t ATP be stored?
it will break down
its unstable
ATP cycle
the cycle of ADP turning back to ATP
What do plants need to make sugar
water
carbon
sunlight
what do plants make?
sugar (glucose)
oxygen
what is photosynthesis
taking light energy and converting it into chemical energy
what things use photosynthesis
plants and algae
what do plants make but don’t need
oxygen
what is chlorophyll
green pigment
a catalyst for photosynthesis
what do plants reflect and absorb
is absorbs blue and red (best way to grow plants)
reflects green
photosynthesis formula
6H2O+6CO2 –> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
what is ribose
its a five-carbon sugar your body makes
How to power a light-dependent reaction?
what does it make?
water, light
oxygen (waste), ATP, NADPH
what is NADPH
an electron downer
(gives an electron)
how many steps does it take to perform photosynthesis?
what are the steps called?
2 steps
Light-dependent, Calvin cycle
how to power a Calvin cycle
what does it make
carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH
sugar
what happens when you use NADPH
turns into NADP
where does photosynthesis take place
happens in the grana of the thylakoid of the chloroplasts
(pretty much it happens in the chloroplast)
specifically what happens in the Light-dependent cycle phase
chlorophyll absorbs light (red &blue) by photosystems 2 and 1
(PS2 & PS1)
what is a photosystem?
a specialized protein to absorb light
why does photosystem 2 go before photosystem 1
because PS2 is used first before PS1
(remember that)
what happens when the PS2 gets a lot of energy
it puts it into an electron from the chlorophyll, the electron leaves the PS2
how do we get new electrons for the PS2?
Water is separated into H (replaces excited
electron) and O2 ions
What happens to the O2 when the H gets split
The O2 gets exerted (O2 leaves)
What does the Electron pass-through
The (E.T.C) electron transport chain
What is in the E.C.T
where is it located
A series of protein molecules
In thylakoid membrane
what does the electron make when is passes through the membrane pump
H+
(powers ATP production later)
after the electron goes through the first portion of the pump, how does it charged back up
by the PS1
when the electron makes it to the end of the E.T.C what happens
The E.T.C give the electron to a NADP to mak it into a NADPH
What does the ATP Synthase do with the H+
It make a ADP and convert it to a ATP
nickname for Calvin’s cycle
Dark reaction
what produces does the Calvin cycle depend on from the light dependant?
ATP
NADPH
CO2
what happens CO2 binds with a RuBP
it makes 6-carbon molecules from the enzyme Rubisco
