Bio Cell quiz review Flashcards
cytology
study of cells
what did Zacharias Janssen do in (1500)
he made the first compound microscope
What did Robert Hooke do?
he made the word cell
Father of microscopy
Anton van Leeuewenhooke
What did Leeuenwenhooke find?
living cells
what said “ all plants are made of cells”
Matthias Schleiden
who said “ all animals are made of cells
Theador Schwan
who said “ cell come from preexisting cells”
Rudolf Virchow
who said” cells are the basic building blocks of life”
Schawn
unicellular
1 cell
Ex: algae, protozoans, bactieria
Multicellular
many cells
Ex: Humans, animals, plants
colonial
similar cells living together
tissue
similar cells working together
Organ
several tissues working together
Organ system
group of organs that complete a function
Eukaryotic
Have membrane around the nucleus
Everything but bacteria
Prokaryotic
no membrane bound nucleus or organelles
bacteria
Plasma membranes
outermost membrane
AKA: cell membrane
phospholipid bilayer
semipermeable - allows certain substances through but not others.
Keeps homeostasis
Hydrophobic ends
tails hate water, and are in the center of the bilayer
what gets passed through the bilayer
protien
what protien recieves signal molecules that cuse a responce in the cell
receptor
intracellular
inside the cell and resieve legands that can pass through the membrane
membrane receptors
embedded in the cell membrane and recive ligands that cnat cross membrane
cell wall
only plants, bactiara fungi and algiw have this.
where is the cell wall located
outer most layer
whats the cell wall made of
cellulose
primary wall
made when cell is still developing
secondary wall
made when the cell is mature, has more cellulose the primary wall
what does cytoplasm do
holds all organells
Ex: bowl of soup
cytosol
liquid of cytoplasm
Ex: soup vs broth
what is the mitochondria
power house of cell
makes ATP aka energy for cell
how does the mitochondria make ATP
cellular respiration
what does the outside of the mitochondria look like
smooth
what does the inner of a mitochondria look like
lost of folds
increase surface area
what are the many fold in a mitochondria called
cristae
what are Ribosomes made of
made of protien and RNA
what do ribosomes do
makes protien then ship to golgi
also flout freely in or on ER
Endoplaslict reticulum
transport system and hold shape
what are the 2 kinds of ER
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgie
packages, sorts and delivers protins and lipids
lysososmes
garbage men of the cell
cytoskeleton
frame pf cell
microtubules
gove shape and act ad railroad tracks
intermediate filaments
add strength
microfilaments
smallest diameter & help cell division
flagella
has a long extentino to move around
EX: sperm
Cilia
This covers the cell, like little whiskers to push around the cell
plastids
any class of small organells
chloraplast
chloroplast organicalle used to change light into energy
thylakoids
flattened sacs
Grana
stack of thyakoids anf contain chriophyll
Stroma
fluid in chloroplast that surrounds thylakoids
vacuoles
organelle that contains water, food , waste, or other material
vesicles
more moble then vacuoles
made by golgie or ER
turgor pressure
water pressure in cell
centrioles
produce spindle fibers for cell division
spindle fibers
a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell.
nucleus
control center
what does a nucleus do
makes protein and DNA
nuclear envelope
double membrane around the nucleus
nuclear pores
opening in envelope
nucleolus
contains RNA and starts to make protein
homeostasis
keeping steady condition
Isotonic
concentration same inside and outside cell
hypotonic solution
higher concentration of water outside of cell
hypertonic
higher concentration of water inside the cell
water diffuses out
passive transport
no energy needed
diffusion and osmosis
FREE
osmosis
a process by which molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one
active transport
need energy to go agianst concentration gradient
carrier protien
allow only certain things to pass though
NA+K+pump
endocytosis
into the cell
phagcytosis
one cell ingesting another,solid material
pinocytosis
moves fluids
exocytosis
out of the cell
