Ch 2-1 the chemistry of life Flashcards
Chemistry
The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Atom
Basic unit of matter
Smallest particle of an element
Nucleus
Center of an atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge also found in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
a subatomic particle with a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom
eletron
subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Periodic table
a chart of the elements showing the repeating patter of their properties
ion
a charged atom
ionic bonding
chemical boding that results from the electrical attraction between a positive and negative sarge
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Molecule
Smallest unit of a compound
Chemical Change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
Energy
the ability to do work
Kinetic Energy
energy of motion
Potential Energy
stored energy
Absolute Zero
The temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter
Exothermic
Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of heat
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
Catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Equilibrium
A state of balance
Concentration Gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
Permeable
Able to be passed or soaked through
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Polar
Molecule with partial charges. Mixes with water.
Adhesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Specific Heat
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
Acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
Base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
Neutral
Neither an acid or a base
