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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > Chpt 6 bio > Flashcards

Chpt 6 bio Flashcards

1
Q

What are body cells
What are they used for in the body

A

diploids, specialized cells
they make up tissues and organs
( spleen, kidney, eyeballs)

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2
Q

what are germ cells?
where are they produced?

A

reproductive cells
they are produced in the ovaries and testes
(to make eggs and sperm)

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3
Q

What are gametes

A

reproductive cell in an animal or plant

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4
Q

What are the gametes in females and male

A

females: eggs
males: sperms

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5
Q

what is the purpose of gametes

A

sexual reproduction
(fusion of 2 gametes)

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6
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
How many individual chromosomes

A

23 pairs
46 chromosomes

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7
Q

What is a homologous pair?
Where do homologous chromosomes come from

A

XX or YY just 2 of the same alleles
one from the father and the other from he mother

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8
Q

Which pairs of chromosomes are the autosomal chromosomes

A

the first 22 cells

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9
Q

which pair of chromosomes are the sex chromosomes

A

the X and Y cells

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10
Q

which sex chromosomes is larger and has more genes

A

X is larger the Y

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11
Q

What genetic make up give you males and females

A

males: XY
Females: XX

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12
Q

What is sexual reproduction?
what is fertilization

A

the processes of making unique combinations of genes
The fusion of the egg and the sperm

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13
Q

what does it mean to be diploid?
where does each set of chromosomes come from in a diploid?

A

to carry 2 copies of each chromosomes

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14
Q

What is meiosis
what does it produce

A

body cell division
makes gametes

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15
Q

what are sister chromitids attached by

A

centro mere

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16
Q

what is the crossing over of chromosomes

A

exchange of chromosomes segments b/w homologous chromosomes

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17
Q

How does mitosis and meiosis differ

A

Mitosis: 1 division, start with 46chr. end with 46chr, clone, 2 cells
Meiosis: 2 divisions, start with 46 end with 32chr, unique, 4 cells

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18
Q

what is gametogensis

A

production of gametes

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19
Q

what allows the sperm to move and make it to the egg

A

by the flagella

20
Q

what is the main purpose of the sperm during fertilization

A

to carry DNA for the egg

21
Q

How many fictional sperm are made during spermatogenesis

A

4 sperm

22
Q

How many funtional eggs are made during oogenesis

A

1 egg

23
Q

what are polar bodies

A

cell with a little more DNA

24
Q

What is the difference btwn identical and fraternal twins in terms of genetics and how they from

A

identical twins is when a mom has one egg and one sperm and some of the bungle of cells splits

fraternal twins are when you have 2 diff eggs and 2 diff sperm

25
Q

why is Mendal important

A

he was the guy who paved the way for genetic studies

26
Q

what are traits

A

distinguished characteristics of people

27
Q

what is genetics

A

study of biological inheritance patterns and variation

28
Q

what do P, F1and F2 mean?

A

P = parents
F1 = the kids
F2 = grand kids

29
Q

what traits did Mendal look at
why?

A

height, color
because they where either or traits

30
Q

homozygous

A

2 of same alleles

31
Q

heterzygous

A

2 diff alleles

32
Q

gene

A

piece of DNA that makes a cell make a certain protien

33
Q

locus

A

specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes

34
Q

allele

A

alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus

35
Q

genome

A

all of an organism’s genetic material

36
Q

genotype

A

genetic make up of something

37
Q

phenotype

A

physical appearances

38
Q

dominant

A

the trait that is expressed

39
Q

recessive

A

allele that is masked unless it has 2 present

40
Q

mono-hybrid cross

A

one trait is looked at

41
Q

dihybrid cross

A

2 traites are looked at

42
Q

testcross

A

cross b/w organism w/unknown genotype

43
Q

law of independent assortment

A

allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis

44
Q

probibility

A

likelihood of something happening

45
Q

what are 3 ways that the process of meiosis gives genetic variation?

A

crossing over, law of independent assortment, Random fertilization of gametes

46
Q

what is genetic linkage

A

genes being inherited

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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