Bio Review Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is cytology
study of cells
what is the difference btwn unicellular and multicellular
unicellular - 1 cell (algae, protozoans, bacteria)
multicellular - many cells (more then one)
What is the difference btwn tissue organ, and organ system.
tissue - similar cells working together
organ - several tissues working together
organ system - group of organs that complete a
function
What is the difference btwn eukaryotic and prokaryotic
eukaryotic - have membrane around the nucleus
( has organelles in cytoplasm)
prokaryotic - no membrane around the nucleus
(bacteria)
what type of organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
eukaryotic - everything but bacteria
prokaryotic - bacteria
what are 2 other names for the cell membrane
plasma membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
where is the cell membrane found?
outer most membrane
where are cell walls found?
what do they do?
what is it made of?
outer most layer of plant cell
to be support for plants
cellulose
What does the cytoplasm do and what does it look like?
How does the cytoplasm differ from the cytosol
Cytoplasm holds all organisms
looks like jelly
cytosol is the liquid of cytoplasm
what are the 3 organelles where DNA can be found (1 only in plant the other 2 are in both plants and animals)
Plants: chloroplasts
Animals: nucleus, mitochondria
What are cristae?
What is there purpose?
inner fold of the mitochondria
to increase the surface area
what does the mitochondria do?
Nickname?
how membranes does it have?
Make ATP for cell
powerhouse
2 membranes
How many mitochondria can be found in a cell
numerous to few in a cell
what do ribosomes do?
what are the made of?
makes protein, then ships them to the Golgi
Made of protein and RNA
Where are ribosomes found?
Free flouting or on the Rough ER
what are the two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER
Smooth ER
what are the functions of the RER and the SER
RER: has ribosomes
SER: detoxifies & produces lipids
what is the purpose of the Golgi?
How does it work?
Process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids
Sacs get pinched off, then Packaged into a vesicle or shipped somewhere else
what is the nickname of the lysososme
what do the do
Garbage men
get rid of waste in the cell
what is the cytoskeleton?
what is it made of?
what is the purpose?
Frame work of the cell
microtubuals - give shape and act as railroad tracks
Intermediate filaments - add strength
Microfilament - help w/cell division
How are cilia and flagella the same?
Different?
Same: Both made of microtubules
Cilia - short whiskers for movement (eggs)
Flagella - long extension for movement
what are chloroplasts
things to change light to energy
what is the difference btwn thykaloids and grana
Thykaloids - Flattened sacs
Grana - stacks of thykaloids which contain chlorophyll
what is chlorophyll
green pigment of plants
what is the stroma
Fluid in chloroplasts that surrounds the thkaloids
What is the purpose of the vacuoles and vesicles
Vacuoles - organelles that contains water, food waste and other materials.
Vesicals - more mobile the vacuoles ( smaller)
What is turgor pressure
what does it do
water pressure in the cell
makes plants become straight
what is centrioles used for?
To produce spindle fibers for cell division
What is consider the control center
nucleus
Where does DNA replicate?
Nucleus
Describe the nuclear envelope
double membrane around the nucleus
what is the nucleolus?
what does it do?
contains RNA
starts to make protein
What is homeostasis
keeping a consistent / steady condition
What is the difference btwn Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions
isotonic: concentration is the same in and out of cell
hypertonic: more water in then out the cell
hypotonic solutions: less water is in then out of the cell
What is passive transportation
what are 2 examples
what 3 things effect the speed of transportation.
no energy needed
diffusion and osmosis
size, shape, electrical charges
what is active transport
how do carrier proteins fit into this?
it needs energy (pump)
Carrier proteins - allow only certain things to
pass through
What is the difference btwn exocytosis and endocotosis
exocytosis - active transport
endocytosis - goes into the cell
what is the differnce btwn phagocytosis and pinocytosis
phagocytosis - one cell ingesting another ( solud material )
pinocytosis - moves fluids
what is the purpose of the pump (Na+K+ pump) for moving substances
to bring things from a low concentration to a high concnetration
