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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > Bio Review Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Bio Review Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cytology

A

study of cells

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2
Q

what is the difference btwn unicellular and multicellular

A

unicellular - 1 cell (algae, protozoans, bacteria)
multicellular - many cells (more then one)

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3
Q

What is the difference btwn tissue organ, and organ system.

A

tissue - similar cells working together
organ - several tissues working together
organ system - group of organs that complete a
function

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4
Q

What is the difference btwn eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A

eukaryotic - have membrane around the nucleus
( has organelles in cytoplasm)
prokaryotic - no membrane around the nucleus
(bacteria)

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5
Q

what type of organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic

A

eukaryotic - everything but bacteria
prokaryotic - bacteria

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6
Q

what are 2 other names for the cell membrane

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasmic membrane

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7
Q

where is the cell membrane found?

A

outer most membrane

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8
Q

where are cell walls found?

what do they do?

what is it made of?

A

outer most layer of plant cell

to be support for plants

cellulose

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9
Q

What does the cytoplasm do and what does it look like?

How does the cytoplasm differ from the cytosol

A

Cytoplasm holds all organisms
looks like jelly

cytosol is the liquid of cytoplasm

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10
Q

what are the 3 organelles where DNA can be found (1 only in plant the other 2 are in both plants and animals)

A

Plants: chloroplasts
Animals: nucleus, mitochondria

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11
Q

What are cristae?
What is there purpose?

A

inner fold of the mitochondria
to increase the surface area

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12
Q

what does the mitochondria do?
Nickname?
how membranes does it have?

A

Make ATP for cell
powerhouse
2 membranes

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13
Q

How many mitochondria can be found in a cell

A

numerous to few in a cell

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14
Q

what do ribosomes do?
what are the made of?

A

makes protein, then ships them to the Golgi
Made of protein and RNA

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15
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

Free flouting or on the Rough ER

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16
Q

what are the two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough ER
Smooth ER

17
Q

what are the functions of the RER and the SER

A

RER: has ribosomes
SER: detoxifies & produces lipids

18
Q

what is the purpose of the Golgi?

How does it work?

A

Process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids

Sacs get pinched off, then Packaged into a vesicle or shipped somewhere else

19
Q

what is the nickname of the lysososme
what do the do

A

Garbage men
get rid of waste in the cell

20
Q

what is the cytoskeleton?
what is it made of?
what is the purpose?

A

Frame work of the cell
microtubuals - give shape and act as railroad tracks
Intermediate filaments - add strength
Microfilament - help w/cell division

21
Q

How are cilia and flagella the same?
Different?

A

Same: Both made of microtubules
Cilia - short whiskers for movement (eggs)
Flagella - long extension for movement

22
Q

what are chloroplasts

A

things to change light to energy

23
Q

what is the difference btwn thykaloids and grana

A

Thykaloids - Flattened sacs
Grana - stacks of thykaloids which contain chlorophyll

24
Q

what is chlorophyll

A

green pigment of plants

25
Q

what is the stroma

A

Fluid in chloroplasts that surrounds the thkaloids

26
Q

What is the purpose of the vacuoles and vesicles

A

Vacuoles - organelles that contains water, food waste and other materials.

Vesicals - more mobile the vacuoles ( smaller)

27
Q

What is turgor pressure
what does it do

A

water pressure in the cell
makes plants become straight

28
Q

what is centrioles used for?

A

To produce spindle fibers for cell division

29
Q

What is consider the control center

A

nucleus

30
Q

Where does DNA replicate?

A

Nucleus

31
Q

Describe the nuclear envelope

A

double membrane around the nucleus

32
Q

what is the nucleolus?
what does it do?

A

contains RNA
starts to make protein

33
Q

What is homeostasis

A

keeping a consistent / steady condition

34
Q

What is the difference btwn Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions

A

isotonic: concentration is the same in and out of cell
hypertonic: more water in then out the cell
hypotonic solutions: less water is in then out of the cell

35
Q

What is passive transportation
what are 2 examples
what 3 things effect the speed of transportation.

A

no energy needed
diffusion and osmosis
size, shape, electrical charges

36
Q

what is active transport
how do carrier proteins fit into this?

A

it needs energy (pump)
Carrier proteins - allow only certain things to
pass through

37
Q

What is the difference btwn exocytosis and endocotosis

A

exocytosis - active transport
endocytosis - goes into the cell

38
Q

what is the differnce btwn phagocytosis and pinocytosis

A

phagocytosis - one cell ingesting another ( solud material )
pinocytosis - moves fluids

39
Q

what is the purpose of the pump (Na+K+ pump) for moving substances

A

to bring things from a low concentration to a high concnetration

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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