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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > Interaction of Ecosystems > Flashcards

Interaction of Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Habitat

A

all of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives

(Pretty mush where an animal lives)

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2
Q

Niche

A

what all physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive

( the animal’s role in an ecosystem)
(how it lives)

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3
Q

Food role

A

type, competition, where in the food web

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4
Q

Abiotic factors

A

rang of conditions needed for survival

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5
Q

Behavior

A

when active, when/where/how it reproduces ect.

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6
Q

Compare an organism’s occupation and habitat

A

habitat - address
niche - occupation

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7
Q

How is understanding both habitat and niche beneficial?

A

Its gives us better understanding of the while ecosystem.

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8
Q

In terms of nature how come when animals compete for food, no one wins?

A

Because both animals use energy to compete for food. Even though you win the food you still used a lot of energy to win the food.

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9
Q

Why is it good for organisms to specialize in a niche

A

This eliminates competition for food.

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10
Q

Driving force of Natural selection.

A

Ability for survival and reproduction

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11
Q

What gives structure to a community?

A

Resource availability.

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12
Q

What are good traits of survival in a community?

A

The ability to obtain water, food, and shelter

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13
Q

What is the correlation between the ability to survive, reproduce, and obtain resources?

A

The higher ability to obtain resources = the higher ability to survive = the better chance of reproduction

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14
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

When two species compete for the same resource one will be better suited to the niche

(One is better and getting the resource)

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15
Q

What is the result of the losing species in Competitive Exclusion

A

The loser adapts or goes extinct

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16
Q

Niche partitioning

A

dividing needed resourses

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17
Q

Evolutionary response

A

result in the divergent evolution

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18
Q

Ecological Equivalents

A

species that have similar niches but live in different geographical regions

(mantella frog & pioson dart frog)

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19
Q

Symbiosis

A

close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another

( 2 animals that live together and work together)

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20
Q

Competition

A

Fighting for the same limited resource

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21
Q

Interspecific

A

2 different species competing for the same limited recourse.

(Grass vs. Dandelions)

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22
Q

Intraspecific

A

Competition in the same species

(mainly in breeding season)

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23
Q

Predation

A

Process of one organism capturing and feeding on another organism (prey)

(Often in hunting)

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24
Q

Mutualism

A

2 different species (Interspecies) both benefit.

(Clown-Fish & Sea Anemone)

25
Q

Commensalism

A

one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

(Barnacles on a Whale)

26
Q

Parasitism

A

One benifits, one harmed
(parasites benefiting and host being harmed)

(parasites keeping the host alive)

27
Q

Ectoparasite

A

attach to outside and feed off fluids

28
Q

Endoparasites

A

attach to the inside and feed nutrients ingested from the host

Fatal if not treated

29
Q

Amensalism

A

one organism harmed, the other is neither benefited or harmed

30
Q

Population density

A

Number of individuals living in a defined space

Changes in density help determine changes to the environment

31
Q

Population density formula

A

of Individuals / Area

32
Q

Population dispersal

A

Way in which individuals of a population are spread in an area

33
Q

Clupmed dispersion

A

live close in groups
( schools of fish)

34
Q

Benifits of clumped dispersion

A

Benifits: Finding mates
Gaining protection
Access to food or resources

35
Q

Uniform dispersion

A

Equally distances apart

Caused by territorial animals and intraspecies competition for limited resources.

36
Q

Random Distribution

A

No set pattern of dispersion

37
Q

Survivorship curves

A

Diagram showing the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of birth

38
Q

Why do we track survivorship curves?

A

To help show Reproductive rates and strategies

Ex: r-stratagy and k-stratagy (opposites)

39
Q

Survivorship curve “Type 1”

A

common among large animals
Low infant mortality

40
Q

Survivorship curve “Type 2”

A

Survivorship rate equal through life
Birds, reptiles, small mammals

(50% chance dying though out life)

41
Q

Survivorship curve “Type 3”

A

High birth rate low survivorship
Amphibians, fish, invertebrates (Insects)

42
Q

How do populations grow?

A

Depends on immigration, emigration, births, and deaths

43
Q

immigration

A

coming into a population from another

44
Q

emigration

A

leaving a population to another

45
Q

What is the growth of a population based on

A

The rate of growth of a population is determined by the amount of resources available.

46
Q

What is better exponential or logical growth

A

Logistic growth - because you hit a point where the populations levels off.

47
Q

Carrying capacity

A

max number of individuals of a specific species an environment can support

Can change with environmental changes/ resource availability

48
Q

Population crash

A

A dramatic decline in size over a short period of time

49
Q

Limiting factor

A

resource with the greatest effect if keeping the population down

50
Q

Density-Dependent Limiting Factors

A

Factors affected by the number of individuals

Competition

51
Q

What is the best environment for Parasites and Desies?

A

Densely populated areas because it can spread faster.

52
Q

Why do Parasites and Desies spread fast?

A

It has ease of transport

53
Q

Density-Independent Limiting Factors

A

Environment limits population regardless of the density of the population.

( Unusual weather )
( Natural disasters )
( Human activities )

54
Q

Ecological Succession

A

An environment changes over time.

55
Q

Succession

A

a sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a community in a previously uninhabited area

( Volcanos )
( Floods )
( Fires )

56
Q

Primary Succession

A

Takes the longest
Development in a habitat previously uninhabited

57
Q

Pioneer Species

A

first organisms to move into an area

Lichens and mosses

58
Q

Secondary Succession

A

Reestablishment of damaged ecosystem in area

Fires, Hurricanes, floods

59
Q

Why is Succession important?

A

Some organisms depend on it
increases biodiversity
Reduce invasive species
Overall healthier ecosystem

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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