Interaction of Ecosystems

Question 1

Habitat

Answer 1

all of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives

(Pretty mush where an animal lives)

Question 2

Niche

Answer 2

what all physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive

( the animal’s role in an ecosystem)
(how it lives)

Question 3

Food role

Answer 3

type, competition, where in the food web

Question 4

Abiotic factors

Answer 4

rang of conditions needed for survival

Question 5

Behavior

Answer 5

when active, when/where/how it reproduces ect.

Question 6

Compare an organism’s occupation and habitat

Answer 6

habitat - address
niche - occupation

Question 7

How is understanding both habitat and niche beneficial?

Answer 7

Its gives us better understanding of the while ecosystem.

Question 8

In terms of nature how come when animals compete for food, no one wins?

Answer 8

Because both animals use energy to compete for food. Even though you win the food you still used a lot of energy to win the food.

Question 9

Why is it good for organisms to specialize in a niche

Answer 9

This eliminates competition for food.

Question 10

Driving force of Natural selection.

Answer 10

Ability for survival and reproduction

Question 11

What gives structure to a community?

Answer 11

Resource availability.

Question 12

What are good traits of survival in a community?

Answer 12

The ability to obtain water, food, and shelter

Question 13

What is the correlation between the ability to survive, reproduce, and obtain resources?

Answer 13

The higher ability to obtain resources = the higher ability to survive = the better chance of reproduction

Question 14

Competitive exclusion

Answer 14

When two species compete for the same resource one will be better suited to the niche

(One is better and getting the resource)

Question 15

What is the result of the losing species in Competitive Exclusion

Answer 15

The loser adapts or goes extinct

Question 16

Niche partitioning

Answer 16

dividing needed resourses

Question 17

Evolutionary response

Answer 17

result in the divergent evolution

Question 18

Ecological Equivalents

Answer 18

species that have similar niches but live in different geographical regions

(mantella frog & pioson dart frog)

Question 19

Symbiosis

Answer 19

close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another

( 2 animals that live together and work together)

Question 20

Competition

Answer 20

Fighting for the same limited resource

Question 21

Interspecific

Answer 21

2 different species competing for the same limited recourse.

(Grass vs. Dandelions)

Question 22

Intraspecific

Answer 22

Competition in the same species

(mainly in breeding season)

Question 23

Predation

Answer 23

Process of one organism capturing and feeding on another organism (prey)

(Often in hunting)

Question 24

Mutualism

Answer 24

2 different species (Interspecies) both benefit.

(Clown-Fish & Sea Anemone)

Question 25

Commensalism

Answer 25

one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed (Barnacles on a Whale)

Question 26

Parasitism

Answer 26

One benifits, one harmed (parasites benefiting and host being harmed) (parasites keeping the host alive)

Question 27

Ectoparasite

Answer 27

attach to outside and feed off fluids

Question 28

Endoparasites

Answer 28

attach to the inside and feed nutrients ingested from the host Fatal if not treated

Question 29

Amensalism

Answer 29

one organism harmed, the other is neither benefited or harmed

Question 30

Population density

Answer 30

Number of individuals living in a defined space Changes in density help determine changes to the environment

Question 31

Population density formula

Answer 31

of Individuals / Area

Question 32

Population dispersal

Answer 32

Way in which individuals of a population are spread in an area

Question 33

Clupmed dispersion

Answer 33

live close in groups ( schools of fish)

Question 34

Benifits of clumped dispersion

Answer 34

Benifits: Finding mates Gaining protection Access to food or resources

Question 35

Uniform dispersion

Answer 35

Equally distances apart Caused by territorial animals and intraspecies competition for limited resources.

Question 36

Random Distribution

Answer 36

No set pattern of dispersion

Question 37

Survivorship curves

Answer 37

Diagram showing the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of birth

Question 38

Why do we track survivorship curves?

Answer 38

To help show Reproductive rates and strategies Ex: r-stratagy and k-stratagy (opposites)

Question 39

Survivorship curve "Type 1"

Answer 39

common among large animals Low infant mortality

Question 40

Survivorship curve "Type 2"

Answer 40

Survivorship rate equal through life Birds, reptiles, small mammals (50% chance dying though out life)

Question 41

Survivorship curve "Type 3"

Answer 41

High birth rate low survivorship Amphibians, fish, invertebrates (Insects)

Question 42

How do populations grow?

Answer 42

Depends on immigration, emigration, births, and deaths

Question 43

immigration

Answer 43

coming into a population from another

Question 44

emigration

Answer 44

leaving a population to another

Question 45

What is the growth of a population based on

Answer 45

The rate of growth of a population is determined by the amount of resources available.

Question 46

What is better exponential or logical growth

Answer 46

Logistic growth - because you hit a point where the populations levels off.

Question 47

Carrying capacity

Answer 47

max number of individuals of a specific species an environment can support Can change with environmental changes/ resource availability

Question 48

Population crash

Answer 48

A dramatic decline in size over a short period of time

Question 49

Limiting factor

Answer 49

resource with the greatest effect if keeping the population down

Question 50

Density-Dependent Limiting Factors

Answer 50

Factors affected by the number of individuals Competition

Question 51

What is the best environment for Parasites and Desies?

Answer 51

Densely populated areas because it can spread faster.

Question 52

Why do Parasites and Desies spread fast?

Answer 52

It has ease of transport

Question 53

Density-Independent Limiting Factors

Answer 53

Environment limits population regardless of the density of the population. ( Unusual weather ) ( Natural disasters ) ( Human activities )

Question 54

Ecological Succession

Answer 54

An environment changes over time.

Question 55

Succession

Answer 55

a sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a community in a previously uninhabited area ( Volcanos ) ( Floods ) ( Fires )

Question 56

Primary Succession

Answer 56

Takes the longest Development in a habitat previously uninhabited

Question 57

Pioneer Species

Answer 57

first organisms to move into an area Lichens and mosses

Question 58

Secondary Succession

Answer 58

Reestablishment of damaged ecosystem in area Fires, Hurricanes, floods

Question 59

Why is Succession important?

Answer 59

Some organisms depend on it increases biodiversity Reduce invasive species Overall healthier ecosystem