Bio test review questions

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

study of interactions b/w living things & their surroundings

Question 2

Organism

Answer 2

One single living thing

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

different species that live together in an area

Question 5

Ecosystem

Answer 5

• living and nonliving things in a given area

Question 6

Biome

Answer 6

• regional or global community of organisms characterized by climate and plants

Question 7

Levels of organization

Answer 7

1. Organism
2. Population
3. community
4. Ecosystem
5. Biome

Question 8

What are the general methods used to study ecosystems?

Answer 8

1. Observation
2. Experimentation
3. Modeling

Question 9

Observation

Which is better long term or short term?

Answer 9

• Act of careful watching over time (long or short)
• Long-term, more insightful

Question 10

Direct survey

Answer 10

• watch animals directly with the naked eye

Question 11

Indirect Survey

Answer 11

• look for signs of animal like tracks, feces, or recent kill

Question 12

Radio telemetry Survey

Answer 12

attaching radio collars to animals

Question 13

Lincon-Peterson Index

Answer 13

N=M*S/R

N - Population Size Estimate
M - animals marked and released
S - Size of the sample on the second day
R - Animals recaptured on the second day

Question 14

Quadrant Sampling

Answer 14

• Randomly select plot
• Count organisms in that plot, enter numbers into formulas

Question 15

Density & Formula

Answer 15

number of species in a unit area

Total No. of individuals of a species in all quadrants/ / No. or quadrates * quadrates area

Question 16

Frequency & Formula

Answer 16

percentage of sample plots in which a species
appears

No. of quadrates containing the species/
/No. of quadrates

Question 17

T = Total population estimate Formula

Answer 17

T = NA

N = Total number of individuals counted /
/ number of quadrats

A = Total Area /
/ Area of quadrat

Question 18

Pros and Cons of a Field Experiment

Answer 18

Pros: more accurate
Cons: difficult to determine cause and effect due to
variables

Question 19

Pros and Cons of Lab Experiment

Answer 19

Pros: very controlled, can focus on specific parts of
organism
Cons: lacks the complexity of interactions

Question 20

Modeling

Answer 20

Mathematical models to model and describe nature

Question 21

What determines the balance of abiotic

Answer 21

what organisms can live in an environment
also Changing one factor can affect others

Question 22

Biodiversity

Answer 22

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Question 23

Keystone species

Answer 23

Organisms that regulate many areas of an ecosystem

Question 24

Apex predators

Answer 24

Top preditors

Ex: Wolfes

Question 25

Trophic Cascade

Answer 25

When the top predator gets knocked out and the rest of the ecosystem goes to shambles

Question 26

What is the foundation of an ecosystem, and why?

Answer 26

producers, because they can make their own food, and other animals can eat them to get energy. (They put energy into the ecosystem)

Question 27

Chemosynthesis

Answer 27

Process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

Question 28

Consumer

Answer 28

They get their energy from eating other animals

Question 29

What are the 2 types of heterotrophs?

Answer 29

Generalist - have a variety of a diet Specialist - little to no variety of a diet

Question 30

Food chain

Answer 30

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Question 31

Food web

Answer 31

Model of a complex network of feeding relationships and the flow of energy

Question 32

What is a hot spot

Answer 32

a region that has a rich amount of species coming from different biomes coming together.

Question 33

What is photosynthesis

Answer 33

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Question 34

Herbivores

Answer 34

organisms that eat plants

Question 35

Carnivores

Answer 35

organisms that eat animals

Question 36

Omivores

Answer 36

organisms that eat both animals and plants

Question 37

Detritivores

Answer 37

Organisms that eat Detris, (dead plants) Ex: earthworms

Question 38

Decomposers

Answer 38

Organisms breakdown dead things and put the nutrients back into the soil

Question 39

Scavengers

Answer 39

Organisms eat dead things but keep the energy for themselves.

Question 40

Trophic level

Answer 40

Each step in a food chain or food web

Question 41

What are the levels of a food chain (trophic level)

Answer 41

Level 1 = Plant Level 2 = Herbivores Level 3 Carnivores

Question 42

Primary consumers

Answer 42

Animals that feed on producers; ex. herbivore

Question 43

Secondary Consumers

Answer 43

Carnivores that eat herbivores

Question 44

Tertiary Consumers

Answer 44

Carnivores that eat other carnivores

Question 45

Energy Pyramids

Answer 45

Show the distribution of energy among tropic levels

Question 46

Biomass

Answer 46

Measure of total dry mass of organisms in an area

Question 47

What is 90% lost with each trophic level

Answer 47

heat waste

Question 48

Invasive species

Answer 48

a non-native species that infiltrates an ecosystem and off sets it be mass-spreading in population.

Question 49

Why do invasive species go "unchecked"

Answer 49

Their is no natural preditor to combat them.

Question 50

Hydro-logic cycle

Answer 50

Pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground and back Roughly 85% of Earth’s evaporation is from oceans