Chpt 2-2 vocabulary

Question 1

Biosynthesis

Answer 1

production of complex molecules within organisms or cells

Question 2

organic compound

Answer 2

a large amount of chemical compounds with one or more cordon atoms are covalently linked to atoms of other elements

Question 3

carbohydrate

Answer 3

sugar or starch used to to store energy

Question 4

lipids

Answer 4

organic compounds that are fatty acids

Question 5

nucleic acid

Answer 5

the main information-carrying molecules of the cell

Question 6

starch

Answer 6

Stored glucose

Question 7

glycogen

Answer 7

Energy stored in animals

Question 8

monosaccharide

Answer 8

a simple sugar that constitutes the building blocks of a more complex form of sugars such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Question 9

disaccharide

Answer 9

a carbohydrate or a sugar comprised of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond

Question 10

polysaccharide

Answer 10

long chains of carbohydrate molecules, composed of several smaller monosaccharides.

Question 11

glucose

Answer 11

A simple sugar which is an energy source

Question 12

sucrose

Answer 12

Table sugar

Question 13

lactose

Answer 13

principal sugar (or carbohydrate) naturally found in milk and dairy.

Question 14

dehydraction synthesis

Answer 14

Water given off

Question 15

hydrolysis

Answer 15

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound;

Question 16

cellulose

Answer 16

a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 17

chitin

Answer 17

Hard conversions

Finger nails

Question 18

hydrophilic

Answer 18

molecules that can interact with water.

Question 19

hydrophobic

Answer 19

lacking an affinity for water; insoluble in water; repelling water

Question 20

saturated

Answer 20

Single bonds, unhealthy, solid at room temp

Question 21

protein

Answer 21

large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body

Question 22

amino acid

Answer 22

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 23

unsaturated

Answer 23

Double bond, liquid

Question 24

enzyme

Answer 24

a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein.

Question 25

peptide bond

Answer 25

a chemical bond that is formed by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another