Chpt 2-2 vocabulary Flashcards
Biosynthesis
production of complex molecules within organisms or cells
organic compound
a large amount of chemical compounds with one or more cordon atoms are covalently linked to atoms of other elements
carbohydrate
sugar or starch used to to store energy
lipids
organic compounds that are fatty acids
nucleic acid
the main information-carrying molecules of the cell
starch
Stored glucose
glycogen
Energy stored in animals
monosaccharide
a simple sugar that constitutes the building blocks of a more complex form of sugars such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
disaccharide
a carbohydrate or a sugar comprised of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond
polysaccharide
long chains of carbohydrate molecules, composed of several smaller monosaccharides.
glucose
A simple sugar which is an energy source
sucrose
Table sugar
lactose
principal sugar (or carbohydrate) naturally found in milk and dairy.
dehydraction synthesis
Water given off
hydrolysis
A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound;
cellulose
a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
chitin
Hard conversions
Finger nails
hydrophilic
molecules that can interact with water.
hydrophobic
lacking an affinity for water; insoluble in water; repelling water
saturated
Single bonds, unhealthy, solid at room temp
protein
large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body
amino acid
molecules that combine to form proteins
unsaturated
Double bond, liquid
enzyme
a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein.
peptide bond
a chemical bond that is formed by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another
