Reproductive System Anatomy

Question 1

What is the structure of the reproductive system?

Answer 1

Muscular ducts and associated glands form genitalia

Question 2

What is the function of the reproductive system?

Answer 2

Produce gametes, allow gametes to meet for reproduction, provide hormones for development and maintenance of the body, allow sexual function

Question 3

What is the function of external genitalia?

Answer 3

Protect internal genitalia, create a mechanism for sperm/egg interaction, provide sexual pleasure

Question 4

What are the components of male external genitalia?

Answer 4

Scrotum, penis, glans, prepuce (foreskin)

Question 5

What are the components of female external genitalia?

Answer 5

Vulva; labia minora/majora, clitoris

Question 6

What is the function of the testes?

Answer 6

produce sperm and sex hormones (testosterone, inhibin)

Question 7

Describe the path taken by sperm to exit the body

Answer 7

testes-epididymis-vas deferens-ejaculatory duct-prostatic urethra-spongy urethra-exit through external urethral orifice

Question 8

What is the spermatic cord?

Answer 8

A projection of the vas deferens that contains the pampiniform plexus (blood supply to testes) and the cremaster muscle for thermoregulation of testes

Question 9

What structures secrete seminal fluids?

Answer 9

Prostate gland, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral glands

Question 10

What is the function of the ovaries?

Answer 10

Produce eggs and sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, inhibin)

Question 11

Describe the path eggs take to exit the body

Answer 11

ovary-caught by fimbriae of fallopian tube-ampulla of fallopian tube-isthmus of fallopian tube-body of uterus-os of uterine cervix-vagina-exit through vaginal opening

Question 12

What tissues hold the female internal genitalia in place?

Answer 12

broad ligament anchors uterus to pelvic floor, suspensory ligaments hold the ovaries to the body wall, ovarian ligaments keep ovaries close to fallopian tubes

Question 13

What is the site of fertilization?

Answer 13

Ampulla of fallopian tube

Question 14

Describe the histology of the testes

Answer 14

Coiled seminiferous tubules (walls make of sustentacular cells), connective tissues, interstitial cells

Question 15

What are interstitial/Leydig cells?

Answer 15

cells that compose about 20% of the testes; testosterone-producing cells

Question 16

What are sustentacular/Sertoli cells?

Answer 16

cells that make up the walls of the semeniferous tubules; support spermatogenesis and form blood-testes barrier

Question 17

What is the blood-testes barrier?

Answer 17

Cell structure in the testes that prevents the immune system from attacking developing sperm

Question 18

What are follicle cells?

Answer 18

Cells that surround eggs and secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 19

What type of cell develops into a mature follicle?

Answer 19

primordial follicle

Question 20

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 20

Structure formed in the ovaries after release of a mature follicle; if an embryo implants, a hormone that maintains it prevents it from shedding. If no implantation occurs, it dies and sheds triggering menses

Question 21

What hormones contribute to the ovarian cycle?

Answer 21

FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone

Question 22

Where are the hormones of the ovarian cycle produced?

Answer 22

Ant. pit.- FSH, LH
Follicle cells- estrogen, progesterone

Question 23

What cells bind FSH and LH?

Answer 23

Follicle cells; eggs also bind LH

Question 24

What cells bind estrogen?

Answer 24

Uterine lining, mammary glands, brain, muscles, LOTS of different cells throughout the body