Bone structure Flashcards
What is the diaphysis?
The hollow tubular shaft of long bones
What is the epiphysis?
The wider section at both the distal and proximal ends of long bones
What is the metaphysis?
The area where the diaphysis meets the epiphyses
Where is the medullary cavity located?
Inside the diaphysis
Where can yellow bone marrow be found?
The medullary cavity
What is the name for the hard outer layer of compact bone around the diaphysis?
The cortex
What part of a long bone is filled spongy bone and red bone marrow?
The epiphyses
What is the lining on the inside of the bone adjacent to the medulla called?
The endosteum
What is the name of the double layer of tissue surrounding the bone called?
The periosteum
This layer of the periosteum is responsible for bone growth, repair and remodeling
inner cellular layer
This layer of the periosteum attaches muscle to bone
Outer layer of fibrous irregular connective tissue
How are compact and spongy bone arranged in flat bones?
A layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
True or false: osseous tissue is composed of many densely packed cells in a relatively small, calcified matrix
False; osseous tissue is composed of relatively few cells inside a large extracellular matrix
What are the main components of osseous extracellular matrix?
Collagen fibers and calcium phosphate salt
How much of bone mass do bone cells contribute?
2 percent
What is an osteogenic cell?
Undifferentiated stem cells that eventually become osteblasts. They are the only bone cell that undergoes mitosis.
What is an osteoblast?
An immature bone cell that synthesizes and secretes collagen matrix
What is an osteoclast?
Bone cell responsible for breaking down old or damaged bone tissue
What is an osteocyte?
Mature bone cell; forms when osteoblast becomes trapped in matrix and changes in structure
Most bone cells do not undergo mitosis, yet they have nuclei. What is the purpose of the nucleus in bone cells?
Protein synthesis for cellular matrix, or enzymes for breakdown of matrix
What is the lacuna?
The cavity in bone tissue where osteocytes are located
What structure allows osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients with one another?
Canaliculi
What is the circular gross structural unit of compact bone tissue?
Osteon
What are each of the concentric rings of collagen and calcium matrix in an osteon called?
Lamella
What is found in the central canal?
Blood & lymphatic vessels, nerves
What structure allows vessels and nerves from the central canal to reach the endosteum and periosteum?
Perforating canals
How are lamellae arranged in spongy bone?
In lattice-like trabeculae
What are the small openings in the diaphysis through which arteries pass through the compact bone?
Nurient foramina
What type of bone marrow is responsible for hematopoeisis?
Red bone marrow
What type of bone marrow contains adipose tissue?
Yellow bone marrow
What type of bone are the carpals and tarsals?
Short bone
What type of bone is the kneecap?
Sesamoid
What bone classification includes the cranial bones and scapulae?
Flat bones
What type of bone are the vertabrae?
Irregular bone
Where do sesamoid bones form?
Within tendons
