Bone structure

Question 1

What is the diaphysis?

Answer 1

The hollow tubular shaft of long bones

Question 2

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 2

The wider section at both the distal and proximal ends of long bones

Question 3

What is the metaphysis?

Answer 3

The area where the diaphysis meets the epiphyses

Question 4

Where is the medullary cavity located?

Answer 4

Inside the diaphysis

Question 5

Where can yellow bone marrow be found?

Answer 5

The medullary cavity

Question 6

What is the name for the hard outer layer of compact bone around the diaphysis?

Answer 6

The cortex

Question 7

What part of a long bone is filled spongy bone and red bone marrow?

Answer 7

The epiphyses

Question 8

What is the lining on the inside of the bone adjacent to the medulla called?

Answer 8

The endosteum

Question 9

What is the name of the double layer of tissue surrounding the bone called?

Answer 9

The periosteum

Question 10

This layer of the periosteum is responsible for bone growth, repair and remodeling

Answer 10

inner cellular layer

Question 11

This layer of the periosteum attaches muscle to bone

Answer 11

Outer layer of fibrous irregular connective tissue

Question 12

How are compact and spongy bone arranged in flat bones?

Answer 12

A layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Question 13

True or false: osseous tissue is composed of many densely packed cells in a relatively small, calcified matrix

Answer 13

False; osseous tissue is composed of relatively few cells inside a large extracellular matrix

Question 14

What are the main components of osseous extracellular matrix?

Answer 14

Collagen fibers and calcium phosphate salt

Question 15

How much of bone mass do bone cells contribute?

Answer 15

2 percent

Question 16

What is an osteogenic cell?

Answer 16

Undifferentiated stem cells that eventually become osteblasts. They are the only bone cell that undergoes mitosis.

Question 17

What is an osteoblast?

Answer 17

An immature bone cell that synthesizes and secretes collagen matrix

Question 18

What is an osteoclast?

Answer 18

Bone cell responsible for breaking down old or damaged bone tissue

Question 19

What is an osteocyte?

Answer 19

Mature bone cell; forms when osteoblast becomes trapped in matrix and changes in structure

Question 20

Most bone cells do not undergo mitosis, yet they have nuclei. What is the purpose of the nucleus in bone cells?

Answer 20

Protein synthesis for cellular matrix, or enzymes for breakdown of matrix

Question 21

What is the lacuna?

Answer 21

The cavity in bone tissue where osteocytes are located

Question 22

What structure allows osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients with one another?

Answer 22

Canaliculi

Question 23

What is the circular gross structural unit of compact bone tissue?

Answer 23

Osteon

Question 24

What are each of the concentric rings of collagen and calcium matrix in an osteon called?

Answer 24

Lamella

Question 25

What is found in the central canal?

Answer 25

Blood & lymphatic vessels, nerves

Question 26

What structure allows vessels and nerves from the central canal to reach the endosteum and periosteum?

Answer 26

Perforating canals

Question 27

How are lamellae arranged in spongy bone?

Answer 27

In lattice-like trabeculae

Question 28

What are the small openings in the diaphysis through which arteries pass through the compact bone?

Answer 28

Nurient foramina

Question 29

What type of bone marrow is responsible for hematopoeisis?

Answer 29

Red bone marrow

Question 30

What type of bone marrow contains adipose tissue?

Answer 30

Yellow bone marrow

Question 31

What type of bone are the carpals and tarsals?

Answer 31

Short bone

Question 32

What type of bone is the kneecap?

Answer 32

Sesamoid

Question 33

What bone classification includes the cranial bones and scapulae?

Answer 33

Flat bones

Question 34

What type of bone are the vertabrae?

Answer 34

Irregular bone

Question 35

Where do sesamoid bones form?

Answer 35

Within tendons