Female reproductive physiology

Question 1

What cells bind GnRH?

Answer 1

glandular cells of the anterior pituitary

Question 2

What cells bind FSH and LH?

Answer 2

Follicle cells of the ovaries

Question 3

What cells bind estrogen?

Answer 3

Many throughout the body–uterine lining, mammary glands, brain, muscle, bone, etc

Question 4

What cells secrete estrogen and progesterone?

Answer 4

Follicle cells

Question 5

What hormones primarily influence the ovarian cycle?

Answer 5

FSH, LH

Question 6

What happens to follicle cells left in the ovary after ovulation?

Answer 6

LH causes growth of the corpus luteum

Question 7

What hormones primarily influence the uterine cycle?

Answer 7

estrogen and progesterone

Question 8

What is the proliferative phase?

Answer 8

phase of the uterine cycle characterized by thickening of the emdometrium

Question 9

What is the secretory phase?

Answer 9

phase of the uterine cycle characterized by production of sugary secretions from the endometrium

Question 10

What triggers menses?

Answer 10

Death of the corpus luteum leading to a drop in estrogen and progesterone

Question 11

How do follicles grow in size/mature?

Answer 11

Mitosis of follicle cells

Question 12

What does inhibin do?

Answer 12

Creates negative feedback loop; secreted by follicle cells, it binds to the ant. pit. and hypothalamus to inhibit GnRH, FSH, LH

Question 13

What triggers ovulation?

Answer 13

Spike in LH caused by the negative feedback; growing levels of est. and inh. cause drop in GnRH and FSH, large spike in LH

Question 14

What is the dominant hormone produced by the corpus luteum?

Answer 14

Progesterone

Question 15

What effect does progesterone have on the uterine cycle?

Answer 15

Stimulates endometrial glands–secretory phase

Question 16

What phase of the uterine cycle occurs with the ovarian luteal phase?

Answer 16

secretory phase

Question 17

What phase of the uterine cycle occurs with the ovarian follicular phase?

Answer 17

menses and proliferative

Question 18

What effect does estrogen have on the uterine cycle?

Answer 18

Stimulates repair and rebuilding of the endometrium after menses–proliferative phase

Question 19

What does implantation do to the ovarian and uterine cycle?

Answer 19

Occurs during luteal and secretory phase; hormone from developing embryo maintains corpus luteum, progesterone from cor. lut. continues to stimulate endometrial glands. Positive feedback stops cycles from continuing