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Anatomy & Physiology > Cells and Organelles > Flashcards

Cells and Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What is cytosol?

A

Jelly-like substance within a cell

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2
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The cytosol and all the organelles within a cell

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3
Q

What is the central organelle in a cell that contains DNA?

A

The nucleus

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4
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

transporting, synthesizing, and storing substances (smooth-lipids, rough-proteins)

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5
Q

Two rRNA subunits attach to mRNA to begin translation and protein synthesis. What organelle do these subunits compose?

A

Ribosome

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6
Q

What structure transports proteins from the RER to the golgi apparatus?

A

Vesicle

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7
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Sort, modify, and “ship” products from the ER

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8
Q

What is the name for vesicles that contain digestive enzymes?

A

Lysosome

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9
Q

What organelles are part of the endomembrane system?

A

ER, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, vesicles

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10
Q

What organelle is responsible for converting energy stored in nutrients to ATP?

A

Mitochondria

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11
Q

What structure is responsible for neutralizing free radicals and other toxins?

A

Peroxisomes

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12
Q

What is the fibrous network that maintains a cell’s structure and aids in cell motility, reproduction and transportation?

A

Cytoskeleton

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13
Q

What are the cytoskeletal appendages that move substances across the membrane?

A

Cilia

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14
Q

What type of cell has a flagellum?

A

Sperm cell

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15
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Origin point for microtubule structures; assist in cell division

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16
Q

What cellular structure is responsible for muscle contraction?

A

Microfilaments; actin filaments (thin) and myosin filaments (thick)

17
Q

What substance makes up intermediate filaments?

A

Keratin

18
Q

Which cytoskeletal filament is responsible for maintaining cell structure?

A

Intermediate filaments

19
Q

What organelles would you expect to see in a neuron?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, ER, cytoskeletal filaments, golgi apparatus

20
Q

What organelles would you expect to see in bone cells?

A

Nucleus, rough ER, vesicles, golgi apparatus

21
Q

What organelles would you expect to see in muscle cells?

A

Multiple nuclei, rough ER, cytoskeletal filaments, mitochondria, golgi apparatus

22
Q

What organelles would you expect to see in white blood cells?

A

Nucleus, vesicles, lysosomes, ER, golgi apparatus

23
Q

What organelles would you expect to see in the epithelia of the intestines?

A

Nucleus, microvilla (extensions of membrane surface), mitochondria

Anatomy & Physiology (43 decks)

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