Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

This is tissue covering the brain

A

The meninges

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2
Q

This is the most superficial meninge

A

Dura mater

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3
Q

This is deep to the dura mater

A

arachnoid mater

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4
Q

this is deep to the arachnoid mater

A

pia mater

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5
Q

These structures separate the lobes of the brain

A

Dural folds

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6
Q

This is where CSF and blood supply to the brain drains

A

Dural sinus

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7
Q

This is the dural fold separating the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Falx cerebri

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8
Q

This fold separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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9
Q

This fold separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

Falx cerebelli

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10
Q

This is the large part of the brain that processes everything one is aware of

A

Cerebrum

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11
Q

This is the small, inferior posterior portion of the brain that processes unconscious info

A

Cerebellum

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12
Q

This is the deep, central region of the brain

A

Diencephalon

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13
Q

This structure is inferior to the diencephalon

A

Brainstem

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14
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

Mesencephalon (superior)
Pons
Medulla oblongata (Inferior)

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15
Q

What information processes in the brainstem

A

Vegetative functions–maintain organ function, etc.

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16
Q

These are the raised ridges of the surface of the cerebrum

A

Gyri (singular gyrus)

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17
Q

These are the grooves between gyri

A

Sulci (singular sulcus)

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18
Q

These are the very deep grooves between portions of the cerebrum

A

Fissures

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19
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal (anterior)
Parietal (superior lateral)
Temporal (inferior lateral)
Occipital (poterior)
Insula (deep)

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20
Q

This lobe separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

Vermis

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21
Q

This lobe is responsible for motor control, concentration, problem solving, speech and smell

A

frontal

22
Q

This lobe is responsible for hearing and facial recognition

A

temporal

23
Q

This lobe is responsible for taste, touch, and body awareness

A

parietal

24
Q

This lobe is responsible for vision

A

occipital

25
Q

The reading and langauge centers of the brain are located where?

A

Between temporal and parietal lobes

26
Q

The cerebellum is responsible for what?

A

Fine motor control, balance and coordination

27
Q

What is the arbor vitae?

A

Branching white matter of the cerebellum

28
Q

Which cortex is responsible for decision making?

A

Prefrontal

29
Q

This is responsible for “planning” motor movement

A

Premotor cortex

30
Q

This is responsible for executing motor function

A

Primary motor cortex (in the precentral gyrus)

31
Q

This is the center for reasoning, judgement, abstract thought, personality

A

Prefrontal cortex

32
Q

What are multimodal cortices?

A

Areas of the brain where multiple modes of information are taken in and processed

33
Q

This is responsible for speech production

A

Broca’s area

34
Q

This is responsible for language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

35
Q

The Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas are:

A

Multimodal cortices

36
Q

What are association fibers?

A

Myelinated fibers in the white matter that connect different cortical areas of the same hemisphere

37
Q

What are commissural fibers?

A

Myelinated fibers in the white matter that connect areas of opposite hemispheres

38
Q

What are projection fibers?

A

Myelinated fibers in the white matter that connect cortical areas to more deep structures

39
Q

What is the meaning of contralateral control?

A

Each side of the body is controlled by the opposite hemisphere of the brain

40
Q

What is the meaning of hemispheric lateralization?

A

The two hemispheres of the brain have different functions though their structures are similar

41
Q

True or false: all brains have the same “layout” of functional areas

A

False. Generalizations can be made, but everyone’s brain regions are slightly different in function

42
Q

What arteries supply blood to the brain?

A

Carotid (anterior lateral neck), vertebral (transverse foramina for vertebrae)

43
Q

What veins carry blood away from the brain?

A

Jugular and vertebral, also dural sinus

44
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

circular connection of all 4 arteries to the brain; system of redundancy

45
Q

Where is the Broca’s area located?

A

Left frontal cortex (primary motor)

46
Q

What is the relationship between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

A

When a word is to be spoken, it originates in Wernicke’s and is carried to Broca’s for execution

47
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

Occipital lobe

48
Q

What is the deep portion of the brain containing the thalamus?

A

Diencephalon

49
Q

True or false: the thalamus processes conscious information because it’s grey matter

A

False. While the thalamus is grey matter, it is subcortical so it is unconscious.

50
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

relay station for sensory information

51
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Region inferior to the thalamus responsible for visceral control, homeostasis

52
Q

What is the epithalamus?

A

Small, poterior to the thalamus that contains the pineal gland (sleep, melatonin) and choroid plexus (CSF production)