Bone growth and development

Question 1

This process forms bone directly from the mesenchyme

Answer 1

Intramembranous ossification

Question 2

This process builds bone by replacing a hyaline cartilage template with bone tissue

Answer 2

Endochondral ossification

Question 3

What ossification process is responsible for forming the flat bones of the face and skull?

Answer 3

Intramembranous ossification

Question 4

What ossification process is responsible for forming long bones?

Answer 4

Endochondral ossification

Question 5

True or false: hyaline cartilage transforms into bone tissue

Answer 5

False; bone replaces hyaline cartilage

Question 6

True or false: hyaline cartilage contains many blood vessels that carry osteocytes in to build bone

Answer 6

False; hyaline cartilage is avascular

Question 7

What is the role of the perichondrium?

Answer 7

Carry nutrients to and remove waste from the hyaline cartilage bone template via diffusion through the extracellular matrix

Question 8

True or false: bone begins forming first inside the hyaline cartilage matrix

Answer 8

False; osteoblasts are supplied by the perichondrium and deposit a bone collar outside the hyaline cartilage

Question 9

True or false: the bone collar first forms around the diaphysis

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Cartilage death inside the disaphyseal bone collar results in the formation of what?

Answer 10

Primary ossification center

Question 11

Invading blood vessels in the primary ossification center results in what type of bone structure?

Answer 11

Trabeculae

Question 12

True or false: the epiphyses of long bones are fully ossified at birth

Answer 12

False; endochondral ossification continues to form the epiphyses after birth

Question 13

What is the epiphyseal/growth plate?

Answer 13

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis that allows bones to grow in length through childhood

Question 14

What is the role of the reserve zone in longitudinal growth?

Answer 14

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that secures the growth plate to the epiphysis

Question 15

What is the proliferative zone?

Answer 15

Layer of the growth plate that replaces dying cartilage toward the diaphysis

Question 16

What is the hypertrophic zone?

Answer 16

Layer of growth plate where condrocytes mature

Question 17

Where do chondrocytes begin to die as a result of matrix calcification?

Answer 17

Calcification zone

Question 18

Where in the growth plate do capillaries begin to invade the tissue and supply osetocytes?

Answer 18

Calcification zone

Question 19

From what side of the growth plate do bones increase in length?

Answer 19

Diaphyseal end