Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland

Question 1

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 1

endocrine system and the 4 “f”s: food, fighting, fleeing, f… mating

Question 2

How does the hypothalamus control the endocrine system?

Answer 2

Secretion of regulatory hormones, control of pituitary, control of adrenal medulla

Question 3

Describe the interaction of the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland

Answer 3

Secretes hormones to control anterior pituitary, neurons (with bodies in the hypothalamus and axons through the infundibulum) control the posterior

Question 4

Describe the composition of the pituitary gland

Answer 4

Inferior to the hypothalamus, connected via the infundibulum; anterior lobe composed of glandular (epithelial) tissue and posterior composed of neural tissue

Question 5

Where do the hormones released by the posterior pituitary originate?

Answer 5

Hypothalamus; multipolar neurons in the hypothalamus release neurotransmitter (hormones) into blood vessels in the posterior pituitary

Question 6

What do the hormones of the hypothalamus do in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 6

They are released into the bloodstream and immediately absorbed by the glandular tissue of the anterior pituitary, triggering release of different hormones

Question 7

What are the hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT)

Question 8

What doe ADH do?

Answer 8

Causes you to retain water; decreases water lost at kidneys to dilute blood salt

Question 9

What does oxytocin do?

Answer 9

Participates in positive feedback loops associated with childbirth, bonding effect in the brain

Question 10

Describe the mechanism of hypothalamic hormones controlling the pituitary

Answer 10

Hypothalamus neurons release hormones into portal system–hormones travel to ant. pit.–hormones bind to receptors on ant. pit. cells–anterior pituitary releases new hormones into blood stream

Question 11

What are the types of regulatory hormones?

Answer 11

Releasing hormones–stimulates synthesis and release of other hormones
Inhibitory hormones–prevents synthesis and release of other hormones

Question 12

How many hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

Answer 12

14- 7 hypothalamic, 7 from ant.pit. glandular tissue

Question 13

What are direct effect hormones?

Answer 13

Ones that directly influence a bodily effect–ex. prolactin, growth hormone

Question 14

What do indirect hormones do?

Answer 14

Stimulate other endocrine organs to release hormones

Question 15

What hormones are required for normal growth and development?

Answer 15

TH, GH, PTH, insulin, sex hormones