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Anatomy & Physiology > Cardiovascular system & blood > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system & blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?

A

Hydrostatic pressure pump (heart), fluid vessels, fluid (blood)

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2
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Formed elements and plasma

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3
Q

What is plasma?

A

Liquid component of blood, mostly water

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4
Q

What are formed elements?

A

Cells and fragments of cells

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5
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

System of vessels from the heart serving the lungs

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6
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

System of vessels from the heart serving the head and body

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7
Q

Describe the path blood takes through the pulmonary circuit

A

Deoxygenated blood leaves the right side of the heart, flows through the lungs to be oxygenated, and re-enters the left side of the heart

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8
Q

Describe the basic path blood takes through the systemic circuit

A

Oxygenated blood leaves the left side of the heart, flows through the body to supply oxygen to other tissues, and flows back up into the right side of the heart (deoxygenated)

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9
Q

What is the oxygen saturation of blood in pulmonary arteries?

A

Oxygen poor–blood is carried away from the heart via arteries, and blood enters the pulmonary system to become oxygenated

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10
Q

What are the vessels of the cardiovascular system?

A

Artery, vein, capillary

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11
Q

How does blood move through the vessels, directionally?

A

Blood is carried away from the heart via arteries, toward the heart via veins, and capillaries are the site of gas/substance exchange in tissues

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12
Q

What happens when substances leave the blood through capillaries?

A

Enters the interstitial space between tissues, forms the interstitial fluid

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13
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

A type of ECF specifically found outside of tissue cells, between layers of tissues

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14
Q

What system is responsible for recycling of interstitial fluid?

A

Lymphatic system

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15
Q

How is blood a tissue?

A

Fluid connective tissue; relatively few cells found far apart with an extracellular matrix formed by ground substance (in this case water) and proteins; derived from the mesenchyme

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16
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Transportation; regulation of pH & ions, temperature; protection from fluid loss, pathogens

17
Q

How much blood is in the body?

A

8-12 pints depending on age, height, weight, sex, etc

18
Q

Describe the physical properties of blood

A

slightly warmer than body temp ~38C/100F, pH 7.35-7.45, 3-5x more viscous than water

19
Q

How much of the body’s mass is blood?

A

7-8%

20
Q

Describe the composition of blood

A

~55% plasma (extracellular matrix), 45% formed elements (rbc’s, wbc’s, cell fragments like platelets, etc)

21
Q

Describe the composition of blood plasma

A

91.5% water, 1.5% solutes (electrolytes, nutrients, gasses, vit/mins, waste products), 7% proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogens)

22
Q

Albumins are the most abundant protein in plasma. What is their function?

A

Transport proteins for water-insoluble hormones and other lipid-based molecules

23
Q

Globulins are the second most abundant protein in plasma. What is their function?

A

Transport proteins for ions/hormn/lipids, immune function (immunoglobulins)

24
Q

Fibrinogens make up about 7% of the proteins in the blood. What is their primary function?

A

Clotting!

25
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Plasma is the liquid component of blood including proteins, minus formed elements. Serum is what is left over after proteins have been used up in clotting.

26
Q

What are the 5 types of WBCs?

A

Lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils

27
Q

What is an erythrocyte?

A

a mature red blood cell

28
Q

Describe the structure of an erythrocyte

A

small, biconcave (very flexible), relatively large surface area; anucleate with few organelles, no mitochondria

29
Q

Why do RBCs not have mitochondria?

A

Their function is to transport oxygen; mitochondria would use up the oxygen to create ATP. RBCs make ATP through glycolysis

30
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

% by volume of RBCs in whole blood

31
Q

What happens to hematocrit when you’re dehydrated?

A

Increases; less water in the blood means greater %bv of RBCs

32
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Gas transport protein in RBCs; transports 98.5% of O2 and 20% of CO2

33
Q

Describe the structure of a hemoglobin molecule

A

4 iron-containing hemes + 4 protein chains (globins)

34
Q

How much oxygen can one hemoglobin molecule carry?

A

4 molecules; one per heme

Anatomy & Physiology (43 decks)

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