Reproductive Sexual Dysfunction- EXAM 3 Flashcards
Amenorrhea
The absence of menses
DUB
Heavy bleeding that is irregular and painless
Dysmenorrhea
Pain associated with menses
Endometriosis
Common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea and one of the most painful gynecological disorders
Menorrhagia
Excessive or prolonged menstruation that occurs at regular intervals
Postmenopausal bleeding
May be caused by endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia or uterine cancer
Menstral dysfunction two categories and what they are
Dysmenorrhea- pain associated with menses
DUB- heavy uterine bleeding that is irregular and painless
Primary dysmenorrhea
Common in young women
May begin on the first day of menses or 1-3 days prior to the onset
Pelvic pain that radiates to groin, cramping, abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea, committing, headache, dissiness
Secondary dysmenorrhea
Related to pathology or disease
Occurs 30-50 years of age
Endometriosis is the most common cause
What is Endometriosis
One of the most painful GYN disorder
Cells from endometrial tissue implants and grows outside the uterus
Implants open and bleed into pelvic pelvic cavity causing pain and adhesions
Has no cure but can be managed
Therapies used include: BC, Patches, Vaginal rings
Main symptoms are pain and infertility
Endometrial ablation
Endometrial layer of uterus permanently destroyed using laser
Very torturous, not recommended for child bearing age
Risk factors for menstrual dysfunctions
Early age of menarche
Long, heavy menstrual periods
Smoking
Family history
Stress
Extreme weight changes
Obesity: affects hormones
Thyroid disease
Metabolic disease
Use of HRT, normal birth control, IUC device
Surgery options of menstrual dysfunction
Necessary if medical treatment fails
Involves uterine wall scraping
Endometrial ablation or hysterectomy
Describe a Hysterectomy
The removal of uterus when medical management is unsuccessful or malignancy present; cancer
Removes uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries
DUB in pregnant women
Bleeding during pregnancy
Can cause miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy or molar pregnancy if occurs in early pregnancy
In late pregnancy, can cause placental abruption, placenta previa or preterm labor
DUB in older adults
Very dangerous in ages 60+. When menstrual cycle “begins again” in Postmenopausal women.
Can be caused by polyps and cancer
Assessing someone with DUB
Ask when last menstrual period was
Any obstetric surgeries
Sexual practices
Medications
Preexisting conditions
Assess VS and abdomen
Describe Erectile Dysfunction and risk factors
Inability to attain or maintain an erection
Must be present for 3 months for medical diagnosis
Can be physiological and physical
RF: Age, Chronic diseases= Diabetes, alcoholism, kidney disease and atherosclerosis
What are uterine fibroids
Non-cancerous growths in the uterus
Various sizes and location in the uterus
Cause infertility! and painful
Some can grow or shrink on their own
Many that have been present during pregnancy shrink or disappear after pregnancy
Uterine fibroid symptoms
Many women won’t have symptoms
Heavy mental bleeding
Menstral periods lasting more than a week
Pelvic pressure or pain
FREQUENT urination
Difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Backache
Uterine fibroid causes
Not known but genetic changes, hormones can be factors
Describe Chlamydia
Most commonly reported STI
Spread my sexual contact and to neonate during birth
Easily cured if treated
Causes scarring of the Fallopian tubes and can lead to ectopic pregnancy
Symptoms of chlamydia
Often no signs or symptoms
Pain or burning while urinating
Pain during sexual intercourse
Lower belly pain
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Bleeding between periods
MEN:
White or cloudy discharge from penis
Pain or burning when urinating or having sex
Pain or swelling of testicles
