Acid Base Balance- EXAM 2 Flashcards
Normal pH of fluids
7.35-7.45
Low=acid
high=alkaline
3 systems that maintain pH
Buffer system
Respiratory system: Helps control pH of blood
Renal system
Bicarbonate system
Co2 increases equation moves right
Co2 decreased equation moves left
Acidosis
Low ph ( 7.35) Increased H+
Alkalosis
High ph (7.45 and above ) Decreased H+
Metabolic Acidosis numbers
Lose of bicarbonate, below 22
and decrease of pH, below 7.35
Metabolic Alkalosis numbers
Too much bicarb, above 28 and ph above 7.45
Causes of Metabolic alkalosis
Volume depletion due to recurrent vomiting or nasogastric suction and diuretic use
How do you treat metabolic alkalosis
Give patients 0.9% saline IV
Treatment to chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis
Correction of hyperaldosterone ( The retention os sodium and loss of potassium and hydrogen of the kidneys )
Metabolic Alkalosis symptoms
Confusion, Dizziness and increased irritability, Hypoventilation
Increased anxiety and bicarbonate
Tremors, muscle cramps, nausea and diarrhea
Respiratory acidosis and numbers
When lungs don’t expand so not enough co2 exchanges
Retention of carbon dioxide and increase of carbonic acid
Increased PO2, above 45
Decreased pH, under 7.35
Respiratory alkalosis and numbers
Due to fear, Always caused by hyperventilation which leads to Excess loss of carbon dioxide
Ph is below 7.45 and Co2 is above 35
Respiratory Alkalosis symptoms
Confusion, Light headedness, Nausea and Vommiting, Deep rapid breathing, Hyperventilation, Tachycardia, Hypokalemia & Hypocalcemia, Numbness or tingling, Seizures
What is compensation
Changes that body does to restore normal pH and homeostasis
pH=normal means full compensation
pH= remains outside of normal value then partial compensation
