Fluid and Electrolyte Recap- EXAM 2

Question 1

Fluid Volume excess & symptoms

Answer 1

Excess amount of fluid is in the body

S.S= Edema, Pulmonary congestion (Wet respirations) , Tachycardia, Bounding pulse, Changes in LOC, Confusion

Question 2

Managing FVE

Answer 2

Do frequent respiratory assessments for wet sounds
Watch for edema
Cardio checks
Fluid restrictions and Daily weights

Question 3

Fluid Vomune deficit & symptoms

Answer 3

Inadequate fluid intake from vomiting or diarrhea
S.S= Weak pulse, Confusion, Hypotension, dry mucous membranes and dry skin

Question 4

Managing FVD

Answer 4

Assess I & O
Assess vitals for hypotension and tachycardia
Assess labs: LOC and urine
Watch for changes in skin turgor

Question 5

Hypernatremia & causes of it

Answer 5

Sodium level above 145
Increased sodium in body from decreased fluids!
Caused by: “MODEL”
Medication
Osmotic diuretics
Diabetes insipulitis or bushings syndrome
Excessive water loss: sweating, burns, diarrhea
Low h2o intake

Question 6

Hypernatremia Signs and Symptoms + Tx

Answer 6

Fever, Restlessness, Increased fluid retention; edema
Decreased urinary output and dry mouth

Tx= Treat fluid imbalance first
Monitor I&O
Administer diuretics
RESTRICT SODIUM
Treat the main cause

Question 7

Hyponatremia and the causes & Symptoms

Answer 7

Sodium level below 125
Caused by: Maximal absorption of H2o, water poisoning
Renal disease
Vomitting and diarrhea
Burns
SIADH
Decreased sodium

Edema, muscle cramps, weakness, N&V, twitching
Sort of the same as hypervolemia symptoms

Question 8

Hypokalemia , Causes & Symptoms
A SIC WALT

Answer 8

Too little K+ in blood, below 3.5

Caused by Renal losses: diuretic, drug, steroid, DKA and antibiotic use
Increased sweating, D,V, laxative use
Decreased K+ intake
From metabolic alkalosis!!
Cushings disease or insulin therapy

Symptoms: Alkalosis, Shallow breathing, Irritability, Confusion, Weakness and fatigue, Arrhythmia, Lethargy, Thready pulse, N&V, Decreased bowels

Question 9

Hyperkalemia, causes and symptoms
MURDER

Answer 9

Too much K+, above 5.3

Caused by:Renal failure
High K+ intake
Acidosis
Release of K+ from trauma, burns, crush injuries

Symptoms:
Muscle cramps and abdm
Urine abnormalities: oliguria
Respiratory destress
Dysrythmias: t-waves
Ekg changes: low BP
Reflexes

Question 10

Hyperkalemia managment

Answer 10

Monitor ECG
Avoid K+
If critical give cocktail of calcium, insulin, bicarb, dextrose, keyexalate and ventolin