Antibiotics- EXAM 3 Flashcards
What are pathogens
Organisms that cause diseases
What is Pathogenecity
The ability of an organism to cause infection
What is virulence
The ability of a microbe to produce disease when present in numbers; how fast it can produce
aerobic
With oxygen
anerobic
Without oxygen
Thick walls=
Gram positive, purple after staining
Thin walls=
Gram negative, red after staining
Bacericidal agents
Kill bacteria, think suicidal
Bacteriostatic agents
Slow the growth of bacteria, don’t kill
How do you select the right antibiotics to use
TAKE SAMPLE FIRST
With this you’ll know what you’re treating and how to treat/ what to give
Common side effects of antibiotics
GI issues
Upsetness, Diarrhea, N+V
Can take medications with crackers to reduce nausea but if diarrhea persists, contact doctor to see if you could get something else prescribed
Bacteria resistant to antibiotics
C.diff, MRSA, GRE, VRE
Selection process
C & S
Host defense
Local condition
Allergies
Penecillins have higher number of allergic reactions
Some cross placenta so age goes into favor to giving lower doses
PENICILLINS
BACTERIACIDAL: Weaken bacteria cell wall causing lysis
Gram - are resistant!!!
Primary adverse event can range from a rash to anaphylaxis
If allergic to one PCN, allergic to all others
SAFE alternatives are the -mycin’s : Erythromycin, clindamycin and vancomycin
Take with full glass of water 1 hour before meal and 2 hours after
CEPHALOSPORINS
BACTERIACIDAL; Are Beta-lacam
Vancomycin is an important drug but CAN BE TOXIC for C.diff, MRSA usage
Common adverse effect; allergic reactions, can cross sensitivity with penicillins
Take with food if GI upset occurs
IM injections
TETRACYCLINE
Broad spectrum, BACTERIOSTATIC to g-/g+
Tetracycline 1st choice
Photosensitivity!
Used for Rocky mtn fever, pneumonia, Lyme disease, anthrax
DO NOT administer with calcium supplements, milk, iron, magnesium, aluminum and zinc; taken on empty stomach
May CAUSE brown yellow discoloration of the teeth
DO NOT give to kids under 8
May cause super infections
CONTACT PROVIDER OF DIARRHEA OCCURS
MACROLIDES
BACTERIOSTATIC but BACTERIOCIDAL IN HIGHER DOSES
Erythromycin is 1st choice
SAFEST antibiotic
Food increases absorption & reduces S.E ( P,N,V)
Crosses placenta
AMINOGLYCOSIDE
BACTERIOCIDAL TO g- aerobic bacilli
Gentamicin is a popular one
CAUSES irreversible injury to ears and hearing loss aka Ototoxicity & reversible Nephrotoxic ( kidney )
Given parentally IV, IM
FLUROQUINOLONES
BACTERIOSTATIC
Ciprofloxacin is common one, Administered orally
Phototoxicity
CAUSES tendinitis and tendon rupture
NOT GIVEN to children under 18
S.E= GI upset (N,V,P,D) and CNS (headache, dizzy, confusion, restlessness)
INCREASES RISK OF CDIFF
SULFONAMIDE
BACTERIOSTATIC
USED TO BE 1st choice for systemic bacterial infections, Common for UTI. Less used due to other antibiotics that are less toxic and there’s more bacteria now resistant to this
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO stevens-jhonson syndrome d/c if skin rash develops
Photosensitivity & Renal damage
Take on empty stomach
Steven Johnson’s syndrome
Blisters all over
Sloughing of skin
Painful
CAUSED BY SUFLA ANTIBIOTICS
Drugs used for tuberculosis
INH meds
Refantins
Pyrazinide
Ethambutol
Look at liver tests when on these meds!
Antifungal meds
Amphotercin B Azole, used more due to less toxic
Dyflucan too
SE: nausea and vomitting
TRIMETHORPIN
TRIMETHORPIN
Is now 1st in line for UTI instead of sulfonamide
may cause hyperkalemia, check K+ levels after starting tx
What antibiotics ar photosensitivity
Tetracyclines
FLUOROQUINOLONES
SULFONAMIDES
What antibiotics are bacteriosidal
Penecillins
Cephalosporins
Amnioglycoside
Macrolides IF in high doses
What antibiotics are bacteriostatic
Tetracylines
Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonamide
IM injected ones
Cephalosporins & Amnioglucosides
Causes stained teeth and not given to children below 8
Tetracyclines
Safest one out there
MAcrolides, specifically erythromycin
Can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxic
Amnioglycosoides, specifically gentamicin
Can be prevented with low doses
Can cause tendinitis, tendon rupture of achilles and not given to ages under 18
Fluoroquinolone
Used for Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain fever, rickettsia, pneumonia, anthrax
Tetracyclines
What do you not give with tetracyclines
Calcium supplements, milk, iron, magnesium and aluminum and zinc
Causes GI upset symptoms and CNS ones
Fluqoroquinolones
Increased risk for C.diff!
Which one is not given to pregnant women or pediatric less then 2 months old
Sulfonamides
