Newborn Care- EXAM 2 Flashcards
Normal Vital Signs of a Newborn
Respirations
Apical Pulse
BP
Temp
30-60 breaths per minute
Apical pulse: 12-=160 bpm
65/30 to 95/60
36.5-37.3 in Celsius // 97.7-99.5 in Fahrenheit
Murmurs
90% of them are not associated with anomalies
Usually due to incomplete closure of ductus arteriuosis or foramen ovale
Thermoregulation in newborns
Want to prevent heat loss!!
Keep them dry and covered, avoid cold surfaces and keep away from drafts
Important liver functions
Maintain bg levels
Conjugate bilirubin
Necessary production for blood coagulation
Store iron and metabolism drugs
Describe why conjugation of bilirubin is important in newborns
Turns yellow lipid to water soluble
Newborn liver must begin to conjugate once born or can be toxic and increased susceptibility to jaundice
Relevant in babies with high beta-D-glucuronidase
Hyperbilirubinemia
Occurs after the first 24 hours of life due to large load of bilirubin; liver immaturity
What is Breast milk jaundice
Is caused by a lack of sufficient intake
late onset jaundice
Occurs after 3-5 days of life from breastmilk
3 weeks to 3 months to resolve
Risk factors for elevated bilirubin
Excess production of erythrocytes
Short RBC life
Liver immaturity
Blood incompatibility
Preterm and late preterm infants
Lack of intestinal flora
Delayed feeding
Trauma resulting in bruising
Diabetic mother
Hypoglycemia, infection
Stool transition
Progress from thick greenish black ,meconium, to loose greenish brown ,transitional stool, to milk stools
Breastfeed= frequent, seedy and mustard colored
Meconium stool
passes within first 8-24 hours
Formed in utero
Thick, tarry black or dark green
Transitional stools
Occurs next day or two after meconium
Part meconium part fecal matter
Thin brown to green
Entirely fecal
Stools of breastfeed newborn
Pale yellow or pasty green
More liquid and frequent
Less pale then those of formula fed newborns
Urination
First void should occur within 24 hours
Normal diuresis after birth causes a 5-10% weight loss since they are composed of a greater percentage of water; 75%
Immune system and antibodies present
Not fully activated until some time after birth
IgG, IgM, IgA
IgG
Crosses the placenta in utero and provides a newborn with passive temporary immunity
IgM
Helps protect against gram-negative bacteria